Hogshead
A hogshead (abbreviated "hhd", plural "hhds") is a large
Etymology
English philologist Walter William Skeat (1835–1912) noted the origin is to be found in the name for a cask or liquid measure appearing in various forms in Germanic languages, in Dutch oxhooft (modern okshoofd), Danish oxehoved, Old Swedish oxhuvud, etc. The Encyclopædia Britannica of 1911 conjectured that the word should therefore be "oxhead", "hogshead" being a mere corruption.[1]
Varieties and standardisation
A tobacco hogshead was used in British and American colonial times to transport and store tobacco. It was a very large wooden barrel. A standardized hogshead measured 48 inches (1.22 m) long and 30 inches (76.20 cm) in diameter at the head (at least 550 L or 121 imp gal or 145 US gal, depending on the width in the middle). Fully packed with tobacco, it weighed about 1,000 pounds (454 kg).
A hogshead in Britain contains about 300 L (66 imp gal; 79 US gal).[2]
The
Eventually, a hogshead of
is 54 gallons (250 L if old beer/ale gallons, 245 L if imperial).A hogshead was also used as unit of measurement for sugar in
]Charts
gallon | rundlet | barrel | tierce | hogshead | puncheon, tertian | pipe, butt | tun | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | tun | |||||||
1 | 2 | pipes, butts | ||||||
1 | 1+1⁄2 | 3 | puncheons, tertians | |||||
1 | 1+1⁄3 | 2 | 4 | hogsheads | ||||
1 | 1+1⁄2 | 2 | 3 | 6 | tierces | |||
1 | 1+1⁄3 | 2 | 2+2⁄3 | 4 | 8 | barrels | ||
1 | 1+3⁄4 | 2+1⁄3 | 3+1⁄2 | 4+2⁄3 | 7 | 14 | rundlets | |
1 | 18 | 31+1⁄2 | 42 | 63 | 84 | 126 | 252 | gallons (wine) |
3.785 | 68.14 | 119.24 | 158.99 | 238.48 | 317.97 | 476.96 | 953.92 | litres |
1 | 15 | 26+1⁄4 | 35 | 52+1⁄2 | 70 | 105 | 210 | gallons ( imperial )
|
4.546 | 68.19 | 119.3 | 159.1 | 238.7 | 318.2 | 477.3 | 954.7 | litres |
gallon | firkin | kilderkin | barrel | hogshead | Year designated | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | hogsheads | |||||
1 | 1+1⁄2 | barrels | ||||
1 | 2 | 3 | kilderkins | |||
1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | firkins | ||
1 | 8 | 16 | 32 | 48 | ale gallons | (1454) |
= 4.621 L | = 36.97 L | = 73.94 L | = 147.9 L | = 221.8 L | ||
1 | 9 | 18 | 36 | 54 | beer gallons | |
= 4.621 L | = 41.59 L | = 83.18 L | = 166.4 L | = 249.5 L | ||
1 | 8+1⁄2 | 17 | 34 | 51 | ale gallons | 1688 |
= 4.621 L | = 39.28 L | = 78.56 L | = 157.1 L | = 235.7 L | ||
1 | 9 | 18 | 36 | 54 | ale gallons | 1803 |
= 4.621 L | = 41.59 L | = 83.18 L | = 166.4 L | = 249.5 L | ||
1 | 9 | 18 | 36 | 54 | imperial gallons
|
1824 |
= 4.546 L | = 40.91 L | = 81.83 L | = 163.7 L | = 245.5 L |
See also
- English units of wine casks
References
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 507.
- ^ "AP John Technical Specifications" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-02-15.
- ^ https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0001617/18601205/057/0004?browse=true – via British Newspaper Archive.
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(help) - ^ "wine barrel". Sizes. 2009-02-02. Retrieved 2018-03-27.
- ^ "English Beer and Ale Barrel". Sizes. 2002-01-23. Retrieved 2018-03-27.