Hont-Pázmány

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Genus (gens) Hont-Pázmány
CountryApulia (Italy, according to János Karácsonyi)
Kingdom of Hungary
Foundedc. 983
FounderConte Panzano
Estate(s)Hont County, Esztergom County
Cadet branchesHouse of Bozóky
House of Bényi
House of Csalomjai
House of Födémási
House of Forgách
House of Szegi
House of Garadnai-Pogány
House of Szentgyörgyi
House of Czibak
House of Ujhelyi
House of Pázmány
House of Besztercei

Hont-Pázmány (Hunt-Poznan) was the name of a gens ("clan") in the Kingdom of Hungary. The Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum mentions that the ancestors of the family, the brothers Hont (Hunt)[1] and Pázmány (Pazman),[1] originally from the Duchy of Swabia in the Holy Roman Empire, arrived in the late 10th century to the court of Grand Prince Géza of the Magyars:

The next arrivals were Hunt and Pazman, two half-brothers, courageous knights of Swabian origin. These two and their retainers had been journeying through Hungary with the intention of passing over the sea when they were detained by Duke Géza, and finally they girded King Stephen with the sword of knighthood at the river Hron, after the German custom.[1]

The clan Hontpaznan was mentioned for the first time in 1226 in a charter. Several prominent families of the kingdom (e.g.,

Forgách
) descended from the gens.

The branches of the clan

By the 13th century, the clan divided into 12 branches:

  • the branch of Bozók held possessions in Hont County and they had two castles;
  • the possessions of the branch of
    Borsod
    counties and their castle in Borsod County was built without royal authorization and therefore, it was demolished in 1298;
  • the members of the branch of
    Nyitra
    counties and they held three castles;
  • the branch of Csalomja (today Malá Čalomija) held possessions in Hont county;
  • the lands of the members of the branch of Gímes (now Jelenec) were located in Nitra County and they had a castle built there;
  • the branch of Szeg possessed lands in Nitra County;
  • the members of the branch of Szentgyörgy and Cseklész (today Bernolákovo) held possessions in Prešporok County and they had three castles by the end of the 13th century;
  • the possessions of the branch Pogány of Garadna were located in Trencsén county;
  • the members of the branch of Újhely owned lands in Bihar County where they had a castle built;
  • the branch Pázmány of Panasz held possessions in Bihar County;
  • the members of the branch of Beszterce owned lands in Bihar County;
  • the possessions of the branch of Czibak-Batthyányi were also located in Bihar County.

Notable members of the clan

The first notable members of the clan were the brothers Hont and Pázmány who assisted Géza's son, the future King Stephen I of Hungary against his relative, the pagan Koppány who claimed for Géza's inheritance. The deed of foundation of the Pannonhalma Archabbey (issued in 1001) referred to both brothers as the king's military leaders (duces).[2] The brothers were granted possessions on the north-western parts of the kingdom (primarily in present-day Slovakia). Hont County was named after one of them.

Lampert (?–1132) founded the Abbey of Bozók. His first wife was the sister of King Ladislaus I of Hungary. He held about 30 possessions and thus he was one of the wealthiest landowners of the kingdom. In 1124, he took part in the campaign of King Stephen II of Hungary against Dalmatia. Lampert was murdered by the followers of King Béla II the Blind, because he was suspected of supporting Boris Kalamanos's claim to the throne.

Around 1201,

Ipolyság
(today Šahy in Slovakia).

bishop of Pécs
between 1251 and 1252.

Lampert (of the branch of Csalomja) was bishop of Eger from 1247 to 1275.

Ivánka II from the Szeg branch was Judge royal sometime before 1289.

Gímes branch

archbishop of Kalocsa from 1278 to 1301, and Thomas III, an influential baron. Both were strong partisans of King Andrew III of Hungary. Another sons were Andrew II and Ivánka III, who were killed by Matthew III Csák
.

Alternate theory on their origin

Hont
Hont depicted in the Chronicon Pictum

Some modern authors suggest that the clan Hont-Poznany was formed by intermarriages of two separate families, the Hunts and the Poznans ("Pázmánys", "Posnans") when the latter's male line died out in the mid-12th century. They claim that the ancestors both of the two families were already nobles at the time of

House of Árpád and thus they became nobles at his court in Nitra. After Michael's death, the new ruler, Vajk (Stephen I) and the local nobility, spearheaded by the Pázmány and Hunt houses, developed very close personal ties and while fighting the Koppány rebellion in 997, Stephen took shelter with Pázmány and Hunt ("Poznano" and "Cuntio"); they in turn added their troops to the retinue of Stephen's Bavarian
wife Giselle. The united forces then defeated Koppány, making Stephen the sole ruler of the emerging Hungarian state. In the 11th and 12th century the Hunts owned estates mainly in the county of Hont and along the Ipeľ river. By the 11th and 12th centuries the Pázmáns' estates were mainly in the valley of the Nitra river. According to the alternate theory, the Pázmáns' male line died out in the mid-12th century; allied by marriage to the Hunts, the line became "Hont-Pázmány".

The oldest genealogic data about the Poznans are preserved in the Zobor charters (1111-1113). The charters contain names at least of fourth nobles from the Poznan family - Una, Bacha (Bača) and two sons of Bukven - Deda (Dedo) and Caca (Kačä). The high number of Slavic names in the Hunt-Poznan family is obvious until the 14th century (Stojslav, Vlk, Držislav, etc.). The character of their hereditary property also indicates pre-Hungarian origin[a][5] Naturally, those who belonged to the royal court or obtained property in Hungarian ethnic territories self-identified with the majority population in the area.

Notes

  1. ^ The property of Honts and Poznans was at the beginning clearly separated and both clans also used a completely different system of significant names. This contradicts theory that they were brothers. The domain of the Poznans was in the south-western Slovakia with highest density of properties in Ponitrie. The original hereditary property of the Hunts was nearly exclusively located in Hont, Malohont and Nógrád. The charter of the Abbey of Bzovice (1135) contains valuable information about Hunts's early property, because it strictly differentiates between property dedicated by the first Hungarian kings, property bought later and those "inherited from ancestors". (Lukačka, 2010) The fact that later Hunt-Poznans held numerous property also in the other parts in the kingdom is already taken into account.

Sources

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 963-9116-31-9. Post hæc venit Hunt et Pazman, duo fratres carnales, milites coridati orti de Svevia. Hi enim passagium per Hungariam cum suis militibus facientes ultra mare ire intendebant. Qui detenti per ducem Geicham, tandem sanctum regem Stephanum in flumine Goron Teutonico more gladio militari accinxerunt. {{cite book}}: |last2= has generic name (help
    )
  2. ISBN 963-482-393-9
    .
  3. ^ Lukačka, Ján (2002). Formovanie vyššej šľachty na západnom Slovensku. Bratislava: Minor.
  4. ^ Lukačka, Ján. "K otázke etnického pôvodu veľmožského rodu Hont-Poznanovcov" (PDF). Forum historiae. Forum historiae, SAV.
  5. ^ Lukačka 2010.
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