Ignatius Shukrallah II

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Ignatius Shukrallah II
Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East
ChurchSyriac Orthodox Church
SeeAntioch
Installed1722
Term ended1745
PredecessorIgnatius Isaac II
SuccessorIgnatius George III
Personal details
Bornc. 1674
Mardin, Ottoman Empire
Died15 September 1745

Ignatius Shukrallah II was the Patriarch of Antioch and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 1722 until his death in 1745.

Biography

Shukrallah was born at Mardin in c. 1674 and was the son of Maqdisi Yuhanna, son of Ni’ma Sani’a.[1] He became a monk at the nearby Monastery of Saint Ananias, where he was educated in church sciences and studied under the maphrian Basil Isaac.[1] Shukrallah was later ordained as a priest by Isaac and accompanied the latter on his journey to Constantinople in 1701 to gain permission from the Ottoman government to rebuild the churches of Mardin.[2] After Isaac had been granted a firman from the Ottoman government recognising his election to the patriarchal office, Shukrallah was consecrated as metropolitan bishop of Aleppo at the Church of the Virgin Mary at Aleppo in January 1709 with the name Dionysius.[1]

On the instruction of Isaac, Shukrallah regulated the table of

Monastery of Saint Mark, and thus he and his students, the monks Wanes of Gargar, Yuhanna, ‘Abd al-Nur of Amid, and Ni’mat Allah, departed for Jerusalem on 13 December.[4] Whilst at Jerusalem, at the request of Roman Catholic friars, Shukrallah wrote a treatise in which he detailed the union of the two natures of Christ.[5] Consequently, the friars conspired against Shukrallah and he, alongside the monks Yuhanna, ‘Abd al-Nur of Amid, and Musa ibn Kuhayl of Sadad, was subsequently banished to the island of Arwad for four months on the orders of the governor Recep Pasha in July 1720.[6]

After Isaac's resignation as patriarch due to ill health, Shukrallah was elected and then ordained as the former's successor with Isaac's approval at a

Joseph III who was imprisoned and exiled by the Ottoman government following Shukrallah's complaints.[13] The deacon Saliba, son of Tumajan of Edessa, was appointed to serve as Shukrallah's deputy at Constantinople.[12]

In 1723, Shukrallah aided Basilius Gurgis, metropolitan bishop of Bushairiyya, in the construction of the Monastery of Saint Cyriacus at Bushairiyya.

Monastery of Saint Matthew, the Monastery of Saint Behnam, and Bushairiyya in 1728.[16]

At great expense, he financed the translation of a number of Syriac theological books into Arabic by the monk ‘Abd al-Nur, son of Ni’mat Allah of Amid, including the works of Moses bar Kepha, namely his treatises on the soul, resurrection, paradise, and angels, and also a treatise on devils by John of Dara; this was completed in 1729 and circulated amongst the clergy.[10] In the same year, he built and consecrated the Church of Saint Theodorus at Mansuriyya near Mardin with the aid of Timothy ‘Isa of Mosul, metropolitan bishop of Mardin.[17] He also renovated the Monastery of the Prophet Elijah at Qanqart near Amid.[b]

At

Monastery of Saint Elian near Al-Qaryatayn in Syria against acts of aggression.[10] The Church of Saint Saba at Khankah was rebuilt in 1742 by Shukrallah.[17] In 1744, he renovated the Church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus at Qaraqosh with Iyawannis Karas, metropolitan bishop of the Monastery of Saint Behnam, as well as the Church of Saint Thomas and Church of the Virgin Mary at Mosul, and the Church of Saint George at Randwan.[17] At Sadad, the Church of Saint Theodorus was rebuilt by Shukrallah in 1745.[17]

Shukrallah died on 15 September 1745 and was buried next to the tomb of the Patriarch Ignatius Abdulmasih I in a common cemetery outside the Rum Gate of Amid.[20] Gregorius Tuma, metropolitan bishop of Jerusalem, performed Shukrallah's funeral service.[20]

Works

Shukrallah composed 24 homilies in Arabic during his tenure as metropolitan bishop of Aleppo and patriarch of Antioch as well as some zajaliyyat.[21]

Episcopal succession

As patriarch, Shukrallah ordained the following bishops:[22]

  1. Dioscorus ‘Abd al-Nur, metropolitan of the Monastery of Saint Moses the Abyssinian (1725)
  2. Dioscorus Sarukhan, ecumenical bishop (1727)
  3. Gregorius Li’azar, metropolitan bishop of the
    Monastery of Saint Matthew
    (1728)
  4. Julius Barsoum Sani’a, ecumenical metropolitan of the Patriarchal office (1729)
  5. Cyril Gurgis Sani’a, ecumenical metropolitan bishop (1730)
  6. Basil Lazarus IV, Maphrian of the East (1730)
  7. Iyawannis Tuma, ecumenical bishop and then bishop of Damascus (1730)
  8. Athanasius Tuma, ecumenical metropolitan bishop (1731)
  9. Gregorius Boghos, ecumenical metropolitan bishop (1732)
  10. Cyril Faraj Allah, metropolitan bishop of Maʿdan (1732)
  11. Cyril Jirjis, metropolitan bishop of the
    Monastery of Saint Elian
    (1737)
  12. Cyril Jirjis, metropolitan bishop of Hattack (1737)
  13. Severus ‘Abd al-Ahad, metropolitan bishop of Edessa (1738)
  14. Iyawannis Yuhanna, ecumenical metropolitan bishop (1740)
  15. Basil Denha, Maphrian of Tur Abdin (1740)
  16. Dioscorus Shukr Allah, metropolitan bishop of Jazirat ibn ‘Umar (1743/1745)
  17. Bulus, metropolitan of Maʿdan (1745)
  18. Cyril Yuhanna, ecumenical metropolitan bishop (1745)

References

Notes

  1. ^ Shukrallah's ascension as patriarch is placed in 1722,[8] or 1723.[9]
  2. ^ The restoration of the Monastery of the Prophet Elijah at Qanqart took place in either 1724–1725,[18] 1730,[19] or 1734–1735.[12]

Citations

  1. ^ a b c Barsoum (2009a), p. 16.
  2. ^ Barsoum (2009a), pp. 16, 29.
  3. ^ Barsoum (2009a), pp. 29–30.
  4. ^ Barsoum (2009a), pp. 4, 16.
  5. ^ Barsoum (2009a), pp. 16–17.
  6. ^ Barsoum (2009a), pp. 16–17, 29.
  7. ^ Barsoum (2009a), p. 30.
  8. ^ Barsoum (2009a), p. 30; Wilmshurst (2019), p. 809.
  9. ^ Burleson & Van Rompay (2011), p. 489; Barsoum (2008), p. 53.
  10. ^ a b c Barsoum (2009a), p. 32.
  11. ^ Barsoum (2009a), pp. 30–31.
  12. ^ a b c d e Barsoum (2009a), p. 31.
  13. ^ Barsoum (2009a), pp. 32–33.
  14. ^ Barsoum (2009a), pp. 10, 31.
  15. ^ Barsoum (2008), pp. 36, 73; Barsoum (2009a), p. 31.
  16. ^ Ignatius Jacob III (2008), p. 67; Barsoum (2009a), pp. 31–32.
  17. ^ a b c d e Barsoum (2009a), p. 34.
  18. ^ Barsoum (2009b), p. 13.
  19. ^ Barsoum (2003), p. 567.
  20. ^ a b Barsoum (2009a), p. 33.
  21. ^ Barsoum (2008), p. 68; Barsoum (2009a), p. 34.
  22. ^ Barsoum (2009a), pp. 35–56.

Bibliography

  • Barsoum, Aphrem (2003). The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences. Translated by Matti Moosa (2nd ed.). Gorgias Press. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  • Barsoum, Aphrem (2008). History of the Za'faran Monastery. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  • Barsoum, Aphrem (2009a). History of the Syriac Dioceses. Vol. 1. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  • Barsoum, Aphrem (2009b). The Collected Historical Essays of Aphram I Barsoum. Vol. 1. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  • Burleson, Samuel; Van Rompay, Lucas (2011). "List of Patriarchs: II. The Syriac Orthodox Church and its Uniate continuations". In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts;
    George A. Kiraz
    ; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.). Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
  • Ignatius Jacob III (2008). History of the Monastery of Saint Matthew in Mosul
    . Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
  • Wilmshurst, David (2019). "West Syrian patriarchs and maphrians". In Daniel King (ed.). The Syriac World. Routledge. pp. 806–813.
Preceded by Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch
1722–1745 		Succeeded by
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