Insein Prison
Location | Yangon, Myanmar |
---|---|
Status | Active |
Capacity | 5,000[1] |
Population | 15000+ (as of 2022) |
Opened | 1887 |
Managed by | Ministry of Home Affairs |
City | Insein Township, Yangon |
State/province | Yangon Region |
Country | Myanmar |
Insein Prison (
The prison is notorious worldwide for its inhumane conditions, corruption, abuse of inmates, and use of mental and physical torture.[2][3]
History
Colonial British authorities built Insein Prison in 1887 to relieve overcrowding at Rangoon Central Gaol, located on Commissioner's Road (now Bogyoke Aung San Road) near Downtown Yangon.[4] The prison was built using a circular panopticon design, intended to optimise surveillance of inmates.[5][4] Following the demolition of Rangoon Central Gaol after World War II, Insein Prison became Yangon's primary correctional facility.[5]
Conditions
Sanitation and healthcare
At Insein, diseases and injuries usually go untreated. A former prisoner at Insein recalls that "When we had fever they never gave us any medicine. If it gets very bad then they send you to the prison hospital, where many people die. The sick prisoners want to go to the hospital, but the guards never send them there until it's already too late, so many die once they get to the hospital. I got fever but I didn't want to go to their hospital, because I was afraid of their dirty needles and contagious diseases. At the hospital they have doctors, but not enough medicines." The same prisoner continued, "They allowed us to have a bath once a day. We had to line up in rows of five men at a time, and we were allowed five bowls of water, then soap, then seven more bowls of water. But there were many problems – sometimes there was no water supply, so they wouldn't let us take a bath and we could hardly even get water to drink. There were latrines in two places – outside of the room for the daytime, and in the room at night. The latrines always had guards, and to use them you had to bribe the guard with two cheroots. The latrine was just a bucket, with no water. You could use paper if you could get some, but we used to beg scraps of cloth from the men who worked in the sewing workshop out in the compound."[6]
Tortures
Prisoners have reportedly been beaten with a rubber pipe filled with sand and chased by dogs, forcing them to crawl on their hands and knees across a gravel path.[6]
Protests within the prison
1991 prisoner hunger strike
According to a former prisoner's account, in 1991 several prisoners held a hunger strike, demanding proper healthcare and the right to read newspapers. However, their demands were not met, and the prisoners were tortured using the gravel path method.[6]
2008 mass shooting of inmates
On 3 May 2008, over 100 prisoners were shot by guards at the prison resulting in the deaths of 36 inmates. A further four inmates were later tortured and killed by the prison guards who believed they had been the ringleaders of the initial protest that culminated in the mass shooting.[7]
2011 prisoner hunger strike
On 24 May 2011, the
2022 prison explosion
In October 2022, a blast occurred at the prison in which eight persons died,
Notable prisoners
Most famous illegally held prisoners include:
- Aung San Suu Kyi (she was confined to Insein in 2003, 2007 and 2009[15]) — The Nobel Peace Prize-winning human-rights activist.
- Student leaders of the 1988 Uprising, including:
- Min Ko Naing
- Pyone Cho
- Ko Ko Gyi
- Kyaw Min Yu
- Mya Aye, and others.
Other activists held in Insein prison from 1988 to 2016, include the intellectual and democracy activist,
References
- ^ "Myanmar: Reduce Prison Populations to Limit COVID-19". www.hrw.org. 3 April 2020.
- ^ "Asia-Pacific | Inside Burma's Insein prison". BBC News. 2009-05-14. Retrieved 2013-12-25.
- ^ CURRENT CONDITIONS IN INSEIN PRISON www.khrg.org Archived July 5, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Slow, Oliver (2018-07-03). "Inside Insein". Frontier Myanmar. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
- ^ a b "Yangon Correctional Facility". Architectural Guide: Yangon. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
- ^ a b c Winston Htoo, Saw. "Current Conditions in Insein Prison". Karen Human Rights Group. Archived from the original on 5 July 2007. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
- ^ Burma Human Rights Yearbook, 2008, Extra-Judicial Killings in Rangoon Division Burma Library
- ^ Ponnudurai, Parameswaran (24 May 2011). ""Dog Cell" for Striking Prisoners". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
- ^ a b "Myanmar prison: Visitors among at least eight killed in blasts at Insein jail". BBC News. 2022-10-19. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
- ^ a b "Bomb blasts, gunfire at Myanmar's biggest prison kills eight, including guards". Myanmar Now. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
- ^ "Eight Killed, 18 Wounded In Bomb Blasts Outside Yangon Prison: Junta". Barron's. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
- ^ "Blasts at Myanmar main prison kill eight". The Canberra Times. 2022-10-19. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
- ^ "At least 8 killed in Myanmar Insein Prison blasts: Media reports". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
- ^ "Explosions at Myanmar's Insein prison kill 8". WION. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
- ^ Junta charges Nobel Peace Laureate under section 22 ("...Aung San Suu Kyi... is currently being detained in Rangoon’s Insein Prison.") www.mizzima.com Archived April 19, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Sithu Zeya, 21, a reporter for the Democratic Voice of Burma gets 18 year jail term | democracy for Burma". Democracyforburma.wordpress.com. 2010-12-22. Retrieved 2013-12-25.
- ^ "DVB reporter Ngwe Soe Lin sentenced to 13 years | democracy for burma". Democracyforburma.wordpress.com. 2010-01-28. Retrieved 2013-12-25.
- ^ "Burma jails journalist Ngwe Soe Lin for 13 years". BBC News. 2010-01-29. Retrieved 2013-12-25.
- ^ Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo: Reuters journalists freed in Myanmar www.bbc.co.uk