Irish Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence (
Scope
The Irish Republic claimed jurisdiction over the whole island of Ireland. The declaration made no mention of the independence of the 32-county geographic island, just the independence of the "Irish nation" or "Irish people". It was rivalled by the British administration of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, but as the Irish War of Independence went on, it increased its legitimacy in the eyes of most Irish people. It was taken over by the Irish Free State in 1922, after the Anglo-Irish Treaty.
Under
Ratification of 1916 Proclamation
By the Declaration of Independence, the Dáil ratified the earlier Proclamation of the Irish Republic of Easter 1916. This proclamation had not been adopted by an elected body but merely by the Easter rebels claiming to act in the name of the Irish people. Unlike the proclamation, the Declaration of Independence was followed by the establishment of some de facto political organs. In its crucial line the declaration pronounced that:
..we, the elected Representatives of the ancient Irish people in National Parliament assembled, do, in the name of the Irish nation, ratify the establishment of the Irish Republic and pledge ourselves and our people to make this declaration effective by every means at our command
English garrison
We solemnly declare foreign government in Ireland to be an invasion of our national right which we will never tolerate, and we demand the evacuation of our country by the English Garrison.
Differing meanings were given to the occupying 'English garrison'. This was the closest that the Irish Republic came to declaring war on Britain in January 1919, arguing that an invasion had taken place, and therefore any military action from then on was to remove the invaders. The government in London refused to take this as a
700 years
And Whereas for seven hundred years the Irish people has never ceased to repudiate and has repeatedly protested in arms against foreign usurpation.
This was based on the 'apostolic succession' of revolts against the English and later, British Administrations, placing the last fully free Ireland in the Gaelic world of about the 1160s, before the
as a continuing attempt at regaining Irish self-government, with or without links to the crown.Aim of international recognition
We claim for our national independence the recognition and support of every free nation in the world, and we proclaim that independence to be a condition precedent to international peace hereafter:
An important element in the 1918 Sinn Féin election manifesto was to secure recognition at the forthcoming peace conference that would end the
In June 1920, a "Draft Treaty between the new
See also
On the same day the First Dáil adopted the:
References
- ^ C. Younger, Ireland's Civil War (London 1968) p103
- ^ Carr, E. H., The Bolshevik Revolution 1917–23, vol. 3 Penguin Books, London, 4th reprint (1983), pp. 257–258. The draft treaty was published for propaganda purposes in the British document Intercourse between Bolshevism and Sinn Féin of 1921 (Cmd 1326).
External links
- Official texts from Wikisource:
- Faisnéis Neamhspleádhchuis (in Irish)
- Irish Declaration of Independence (in English)
- fr:s:Déclaration d’Indépendance (Irlande) (in French)