Ivan Mashkov

Ivan Pavlovich Mashkov
Moscow Kremlin Cathedrals and Novodevichy Convent

Ivan Pavlovich Mashkov (

features.

Biography

Education and early career

Ivan Mikhailovich Sokolov (Иван Михайлович Евдокимов), son of a village blacksmith, lost both his parents in early childhood. He was adopted by Pavel Karpovich Mashkov, a Lipetsk businessman, and his wife, Natalya Yefimovna (née Andreyeva), thus acquiring the name of Mashkov. Natalya's brother, Alexey Yefimovich Andreev, was a town architect in Lipetsk.

In 1881, Ivan was admitted to Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. He graduated Alexander Kaminsky class of architecture with an honorary medal and a construction license in 1886 at the age of 19 – an exceptionally quick education by any standard (normally, it would take 10 to 15 years from admissions to professional license).

In 1885–1888, Mashkov assisted

in Moscow. In 1889–1890 he visited Lipetsk and completed there two schools, a hospital and a prison chapel – at the age of 23. Back in Moscow, Mashkov completed over a dozen buildings still in his twenties, and his masterpiece – the Sokol – at the age of 36.

Sokol Building

Mashkov's Sokol (Falcon) building is unique not only for his career, but to Moscow

.

The

's Seagull symbol (1903). However, the building has nothing to do with these symbols or with Mashkov's natural name – it was named after M.V. Sokol, the owner.

Neoclassical revival

Mashkov's work prior to Sokol belongs to traditional muscovite

majolica.

After the Russian Revolution of 1905, the public lost the interest in Art Nouveau; architects responded with a revival of Neoclassicism. Mashkov completed two private buildings (Tverskoy Pawn Shop and Eggert Apartments) in a stern, Saint Petersburg version of this style. In 1912-1913, he built his last major project - psychiatric hospital in Poteshnaya Street (now, Gannushkin Hospital). These buildings didn't make architectural landmarks; Mashkov, however, did make a lasting statement with his iconic monument to Ivan Fydorov (sculpture by Sergei Volnukhin).

Preservation and public activities

Like many contemporary architects, Mashkov was keen on studying and preserving historical national architecture, and in 1898 joined the

and other memorial buildings. In 1908-1918, he also co-chaired Moscow Architectural Society and contributed to the construction of House of Architects (17, Yermolayevsky Lane, currently Museum of Modern Art). In 1908-1933, he managed the Architectural Department of Polytechnical Museum, the forerunner of present-day Museum of Architecture. He is credited with editing the best guide to architecture of Moscow (1913).

Despite his reputation as preservationist and archaeologist, Mashkov joined the emerging skyscraper movement in 1913, and proposed a 13-story highrise on Tverskaya Street. The City Hall blocked this proposal and banned further highrise construction in the center of Moscow.

Soviet period

At the time of

administration retained him in his office, and for some time Mashkov acted as the City Architect, engaged mostly in maintenance of the city in the middle of a civil war.

In 1929, Mashkov and sculptor

(then known as Rumyantsev Museum, later Lenin Library and Russian State Library). He took no part in architectural disputes of 1920s, but was present in professional journals and wrote college textbooks (1935).

In 1934, Mashkov became a professor in

; his book on Novodevichy Convent was reissued posthumously in 1949.

Buildings

Own design (extant buildings and monuments)

• 1890-1891 Rebuilding of Suchkova Estate, 15/28 Bolshoy Levshinsky Lane (now, UNESCO mission)
• 1899-1902 Public housing and almshouses, 6 and 10, Gospitalnaya Square
• 1899-1903 Public housing and almshouse, 19 Protopopovsky Lane
• 1900-1902 Mental asylum and almshouse, 16 Leningradsky Prospect
• 1902 - 3, Lopukhinsky Lane
• 1903 - 13, Mansurovsky Lane
• 1902-1904 - Cathedral of Trinity and St. Alexander Nevsky Convent in Akatovo, Klin district (demolished in part)
• 1903-1904 - Sokol Apartment Building, 3 Kuznetsky Most Street
• 1904 - Novodevichy Cemetery wall
• 1904 - 8, Second Boyevskaya Street
• 1904 - 60/2, Bolshaya Polyanka Street
• 1904-1907 -
  Polytechnical Museum
  expansion (Left Wing, Auditorium)
• 1905-1906 - 21, Leontyevsky Lane
• 1909 - monument to Ivan Fyodorov
• 1910 - School, 28 Vyatskaya Street
• 1912 - Tverskoy Pawn Shop, 23 Bolshaya Bronnaya Street
• 1912-1913 Gannushkin Psychiatric Hospital
• 1914 - Eggert Apartments, 4, Rossolimo Street
• 1929 - monument to
  Aleksandr Ostrovsky

Restoration

• 1899 - Church of St. George "v Pushkariakh", Moscow (demolished 1935)
• 1905-1945 - Smolensky Cathedral of Novodevichy Convent
• 1890s - Pafnutiev Monastery in Borovsk
• 1890s - Cathedral in Borisoglebsky Monastery, Dmitrov
• 1908 - Zyuzino church in Moscow photo
• 1911-1915 -
  Moscow Kremlin
• 1925-1927 - Pashkov House of Russian State Library

References

• Russian: Нащокина М. В. Архитекторы московского модерна М., Жираф, 2005,
  ISBN 5-89832-043-1
  (Maria Naschokina. All dates are referenced to pp. 330–338 of this edition)
• Russian: Нащокина М. В. Московский модерн. М., изд. Жираф, 2005
  ISBN 5-89832-042-3
• Russian: Brandenburg and Tatarzhinskaya, "Serving the Russian Art" illustrated bio
• Russian: Sokol Building, phorographs, floorplan [1]
• Russian: History of UNESCO headquarters in Moscow [2]
• Russian: Genealogy of Mashkovs by Tatiana Shakhbazova [3]
• Russian: Zyuzino Estate, official site of South-Western Okrug [4]