James Calhoun (politician, born 1802)
James S. Calhoun | |
---|---|
Governor of New Mexico Territory | |
In office 3 March 1851 – 6 May 1852 | |
Preceded by | John Munroe |
Succeeded by | William Carr Lane |
Personal details | |
Born | 1802 Lieutenant Colonel |
Battles/wars | Mexican–American War |
James Silas Calhoun (1802–1852) was best known as the Governor of New Mexico Territory from 1851 to 1852. He had many careers, though, including time as a Georgian politician, military officer, and bureaucrat in the United States government.
While in his thirties and forties, Calhoun served in a variety of political roles in his home state of Georgia. First, he was elected as a member of
Calhoun held the rank of lieutenant colonel in the US volunteers during the Mexican War. Following the war, Calhoun remained in the border region and held key positions with the U.S. government. First, the President appointed Calhoun the federal Indian Agent for the newly acquired territory of New Mexico. During his two-year tenure in that position, Calhoun used various tactics to convince or coerce Pueblo Native Americans to renounce their rights under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo as former Mexican citizens.[1] Calhoun claimed that he only sought to "protect" the Pueblos from their Mexican-American neighbors by excluding them from territorial affairs. At that time in New Mexico, the argument that Pueblos were citizens (but denied the right to vote) was being used to remove any federal protection from their lands and water rights so they could be sold on the open market. The Pueblo agricultural lands and water rights were some of the best in the Territory. Federal action initiated by Calhoun led to the recognition of the Pueblos by the federal government with the issuance of the Pueblo Grants pursuant to the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. Calhoun also negotiated a treaty with several Pueblos that Congress ultimately did not adopt, primarily due to Calhoun's premature death on a trip to Washington with a Pueblo delegation, and the subsequent federal action in 1854 recognizing the Pueblos and their lands.
President
References
- ^ Mangusso, Mary Childers. "A Study of the Citizenship Provisions of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo." MA Thesis, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 1966 p. 81
- ^ James Brooks, Captives & Cousins: Slavery, Kinship, and Community in the Southwest Borderlands, (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002), p. 309
- ^ State of New Mexico, Office of the State Historian. "James S. Calhoun". State of New Mexico, Office of the State Historian. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
- ^ Find a Grave Archived 2016-01-24 at the Wayback Machine
- "Index to Politicians: Calhoun". Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2008-08-01.
- "Inventory of the Governor James S. Calhoun Papers, 1851-1852". University of New Mexico. Retrieved 2008-08-01.[dead link]