James Silk Buckingham

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James Silk Buckingham
James Silk Buckingham by Clara S. Lane
Born(1786-08-25)25 August 1786
Flushing, Cornwall, England
Died30 June 1855(1855-06-30) (aged 68)
London, England
Occupation(s)Author, journalist, traveller

James Silk Buckingham (25 August 1786 – 30 June 1855) was a British author, journalist and traveller, known for his contributions to Indian journalism. He was a pioneer among the Europeans who fought for a liberal press in India.

Early life

Buckingham was born at Flushing near Falmouth on 25 August 1786, the son of Thomasine Hambly of Bodmin and Christopher Buckingham (died 1793/94) of Barnstaple. His father, and his ancestors, were seafaring men.[1] James was the youngest of three boys and four girls and his youth was spent at sea. The property of his deceased parents consisted of houses, land, mines and shares, which was left to the three youngest children.[1] In 1797 he was captured by the French and held as a prisoner of war at Corunna.[2]

Career

In 1821, his Travels in Palestine was published, followed by Travels Among the Arab Tribes in 1825.

John Adam, the acting governor-general in 1823.[5] His case was brought before a select committee of the House of Commons in 1834, and a pension of £500 a year was subsequently awarded to him by the East India Company as compensation.[6][7]

James Silk Buckingham, by Henry William Pickersgill c. 1816

Buckingham continued his journalistic ventures on his return to England; he settled at Cornwall Terrace,

Athenaeum (1828) which was not a success in his hands,[7][9] Buckingham selling to John Sterling
after a few weeks.

Between 1832 and 1836 Buckingham served as MP for Sheffield. He was a strong advocate of social reform, calling for the end of flogging in the armed services, abolition of the press-gang and the repeal of the Corn Laws.[10] In 1833 he promoted the law that would abolish slavery across the British empire.[11]

During his time as an MP, Buckingham served as chair of the select committee charged with examining "the extent, causes, and consequences of the prevailing vice of intoxication among the laboring classes of the United Kingdom" devise a solution.

William Ewart and Joseph Brotherton, who introduced a bill that would "[empower] boroughs with a population of 10,000 or more to raise a ½d for the establishment of museums".[14] Ewart and Brotherton's bill would become the basis for the Museums Act 1845.[15]

Following his retirement from parliament, in October 1837, Buckingham began a four-year tour of North America, resulting in another travel novel, A Journey Through the Slave States of North America in which, among other matters, he advocates that the United States follow the British example and abolish slavery.[16][17] In 1844 he was central to the foundation of the British and Foreign Institute in Hanover Square.[10]

He was a prolific writer. He had travelled in Europe, America and the East, and wrote many useful travel books, as well as many pamphlets on political and social subjects. "In 1851, the value of these and of his other literary works was recognized by the grant of a

Civil List pension of £200 a year. At the time of his death in London, Buckingham was at work on his autobiography, two volumes of the intended four being completed and published (1855)".[18][7] This work is important as it mentions in detail the life of the black composer Joseph Antonio Emidy who settled in Truro
.

Personal life

In February 1806, Buckingham married Elizabeth Jennings (1786–1865), the daughter of a Cornish farmer.[19]

Buckingham died after a long illness at Stanhope Lodge, Upper Avenue Road, St John's Wood, London, on 30 June 1855.[10] Buckingham is buried in Kensal Green Cemetery.[20]

His youngest son, Leicester Silk Buckingham, was a popular playwright.[21]

Works

References

  1. ^ a b "The Flushing Boy Who Became A Great Traveller". The Cornishman. No. 212. 3 August 1882. p. 6.
  2. ^ Turner, Ralph (1934). James Silk Buckingham, 1786-1855: A Social Biography. Williams & Norgate. p. 15.
  3. ^ Shepherd, Naomi, The Zealous Intruders: the Western Rediscovery of Palestine, London 1987, p. 59.
  4. JSTOR 20084001
    .
  5. ^ Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register for British India and Its Dependencies. Wm. H. Allen & Company. 1825.
  6. ^ BUCKINGHAM, James Silk (1832). Mr. Buckingham's Defence of his Public and Private Character, against the atrocious calumnies contained in a false and slanderous pamphlet [i.e. "A Sketch of the History of the Indian Press," by Sandford Arnot], etc. John Blackwell.
  7. ^ a b c Chisholm 1911.
  8. ^ "Cornwall Terrace". Archived from the original on 12 October 2012.
  9. ^ Buckingham, James Silk. The Oriental herald and colonial review [ed. by J.S. Buckingham].
  10. ^
    doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/3855. (Subscription or UK public library membership
    required.)
  11. ISBN 978-1-4683-1514-1
    .
  12. ^ Drunkenness, Great Britain Select Committee on Inquiry into (1834). Evidence on Drunkenness: Presented to the House of Commons by the Select Committee, J.S. Buckingham in the Chair. D. Martin.
  13. ^ Select Committee on inquiry into drunkenness, Report (1834)
  14. ISBN 0233967958
    .
  15. ISBN 978-0-233-96795-0
    .
  16. ISBN 978-1-4683-1514-1
    .
  17. ISBN 978-1-84588-045-3
    .
  18. ISBN 978-81-92151-99-1
    .
  19. ^ Dictionary of National Biography. United Kingdom, Smith, Elder, & Company, 1886. pg 203
  20. ^ "Term details". British Museum. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
  21. ^ Dictionary of National Biography. 1886. p. 203.
Parliament of the United Kingdom
New constituency Member of Parliament for Sheffield
1832 – 1837
With: John Parker 		Succeeded by
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