Japanese language education in Mongolia
Japanese language education in Mongolia formally dates back to 1975, when the National University of Mongolia established an elective course in Japanese language. A 2003 survey found 199 teachers teaching 9,080 students of Japanese at 67 different institutions.[1] As of 2021, according to the Japan Foundation, 13,334 people were learning Japanese in Mongolia.[2][3][4]
Opportunities and motivations for study
The study of Japanese in Mongolia, in common with the study of English and German language, began to expand early in the 1990s in the so-called "language boom" which occurred as the country began to liberalise. In the 1970s and 1980s, only 3-5 students enrolled each year in the single Japanese course offered by the National University of Mongolia; Mongolians who went to Japan as international scholarship students typically had little language preparation beforehand, and took courses at the Osaka University of Foreign Studies to catch up before beginning their subject-area studies. However, the situation began to improve in the late 1980s, when NUM established an evening course in Japanese, and in 1989, when two more non-school institutions began offering Japanese courses.[5] NUM established a full major in the subject in 1990; one school also began offering Japanese language instruction to primary and secondary students that year.[1]
The Ministry of Education has not established a standardised curriculum for Japanese language instruction at the secondary levels, as it has for the mandatory foreign languages of English and Russian.[5] Primary and secondary students compose only 13.6% of all students of Japanese in the country; the rest are divided roughly equally between institutions of higher education and non-school institutions. However, the student-teacher ratios are much more favourable in institutions of higher education, with roughly 33 students per teacher, as compared to 109 students per teacher in non-school institutions.[1] Textbooks in use mainly consist of those donated by the Japan Foundation; the beginners' textbook Nihongo Shoho (日本語初歩) is one of the more popular ones. A textbook aimed specifically at Mongolian learners was published in July 1996.[5]
Common motivations for language learning include the desire to study in Japan, to understand
Language-based difficulties
Mongolian grammar is somewhat similar to that of Japanese. Most Mongolian case markers have direct parallels among
The expectation of most learners of Japanese in Mongolia is that courses should focus on the teaching of kanji, to the exclusion of other aspects of the language; teachers report that this is especially a problem due to pressure from parents of students at the elementary and secondary levels.[5]
Standardised testing
Year | City | Examinees by Level | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | Total | ||
2006[8] | Ulan Bator
|
129 | 334 | 246 | 104 | 813 |
2005[9] | Ulan Bator
|
151 | 276 | 269 | 100 | 796 |
2004[10] | Ulan Bator
|
112 | 246 | 214 | 123 | 695 |
2003[11] | Ulan Bator
|
100 | 133 | 164 | 67 | 464 |
2002 | Data missing | |||||
2001 | Data missing | |||||
2000[12] | Ulan Bator
|
31 | 148 | 147 | 83 | 439 |
The
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e "2003年海外日本語教育機関調査結果: モンゴル (Results of the 2003 survey of overseas Japanese language educational institutions: Mongolia)". The Japan Foundation. 2005. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ [3]
- ^ a b c d Tsuchiya, Chihiro; S. Dolgor (1997). "Present and Future Situation of Japanese Language Teaching in Mongolia". Japan International Cultural Exchange Foundation. Archived from the original on 2007-10-09. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ Murakami, Yoshifumi (2003). "モンゴル日本センターから (From the Mongolia-Japan Centre)". The Japan Foundation Newsletter. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2009-11-30.
- ^ Kobayashi, Yukie (16 March 1981). "モンゴル人に対する日本語教育の研究: モンゴル人学生の誤用例を中心に (A Study of Teaching Japanese to Mongolian Students: Based on Errors Made by Mongolian Students)" (PDF). Nihongogakkō Ronshū (8): 25–38. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ^ a b "Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2006: Summary of the Results" (PDF). Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-10. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- ^ "Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2005: Summary of the Results" (PDF). Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-01-06. Retrieved 2006-12-01.
- ^ "Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2004: Summary of the Results" (PDF). Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 6, 2005. Retrieved 2006-12-03.
- ^ a b "Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2003: Summary of the Results" (PDF). Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation. 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 21, 2004. Retrieved 2006-12-03.
- ^ "The 2000 Japanese-Language Proficiency Test Number of Examinees by Sites". The Japan Foundation. 2001-02-07. Archived from the original on 2003-04-07. Retrieved 2006-12-03.
- ^ "13th JLRT (2006): A Summary Report" (PDF). Japan External Trade Organization. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2007. Retrieved 2006-12-01.
Further reading
- Gombo, Oyunbileg (13 December 2003). "モンゴル国立人文大学における日本語教育 (Japanese language education at the National University of Mongolia)". 海外の高等教育における日本語教育 (Japanese language education at overseas institutions of higher education). The Japan Foundation. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- Mori, Madoka (August 2006). "モンゴル人日本語学習者の日本語学習動機に関する分析 (An analysis of motivations for Japanese-language study by Mongolian learners of Japanese)". Gobun to Kyōiku. 20: 105–115. ISSN 0914-4145. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
- Munkhtsetseg, Tangaa (November 1995). "モンゴルにおける日本語教育:現状と問題点 (Present Situation and Problem of Japanese-Language Teaching in Mongolia)". Current Report on Japanese-Language Education Around the Globe. 3: 15–20. ISSN 1340-3184. Retrieved 2007-08-23.