Japanese language education in Russia
Appearance
Japanese language education in Russia formally dates back to December 1701 or January 1702, when
Japanese-medium school serving Japanese people in Russia (the Japanese School in Moscow, founded in 1965[4]), virtually all Japanese language education in Russia throughout history has been aimed at non-native speakers. As of 2021, according to the Japan Foundation, 12,426 people were learning Japanese in Russia.[5][6][7]
History
Tsarist Russia
Russian interest in Japan dated back to the early 17th century, when Flemish cartographer
Tokyo Imperial University in 1912; however, he did not return to Russia, but instead remained overseas, taking up a post at the Sorbonne in 1917.[8]
Soviet era
Japanese language education suffered setbacks during the
international students, but few returned to become teachers, due to the low salaries.[9]
After the Soviet breakup
In the
Andian).[12] With only 835 people claiming Japanese ethnicity (nationality) in that census,[13] Japanese is thus one of only two East Asian languages in Russia for which the population of speakers outnumbers the population of the ethnic group to which the language belongs. The other such language is Chinese, which has 59,235 speakers in Russia and is the 44th-most known language,[12] but only 34,577 members of the nationality.[13]
Most students chose Japanese for economic rather than cultural reasons. Study of the language is noted as being most popular in the
Kunashiri, are studying Japanese for purposes of daily communication with Japanese, with whom they come into frequent contact.[15]
Russophone learners of Japanese make both phonological and grammatical errors when speaking the language, due to cross-linguistic interference from Russian.[16][17]
Standardised testing
The
JETRO's Business Japanese Test was not offered in Russia or any other former Soviet Union member state as of 2006[update].[20]
Year | Country | City | Number of Examinees by Level | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | Total | ||||||
2006[19] | Kazakhstan | Almaty | 50 | 98 | 135 | 91 | 374 | |||
Russia | Khabarovsk | 18 | 56 | 89 | 63 | 226 | ||||
Moscow | 64 | 259 | 465 | 374 | 1,162 | |||||
Novosibirsk | 12 | 61 | 115 | 82 | 270 | |||||
Vladivostok | 23 | 92 | 105 | 85 | 305 | |||||
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk | 5 | 32 | 78 | 89 | 204 | |||||
Ukraine | Kyiv | 29 | 89 | 127 | 109 | 354 | ||||
Uzbekistan | Tashkent | 61 | 111 | 145 | 88 | 405 | ||||
2005[21] | Kazakhstan | Almaty | 28 | 43 | 68 | 25 | 164 | |||
Russia | Moscow | 48 | 197 | 316 | 287 | 848 | ||||
Vladivostok | 23 | 56 | 97 | 55 | 231 | |||||
Ukraine | Kyiv | 27 | 63 | 120 | 54 | 284 | ||||
Uzbekistan | Tashkent | 41 | 101 | 122 | 69 | 333 | ||||
2004[22] | Kazakhstan | Almaty | 34 | 63 | 61 | 28 | 186 | |||
Russia | Moscow | 33 | 168 | 265 | 310 | 776 | ||||
Vladivostok | 23 | 94 | 58 | 58 | 233 | |||||
2003[23] | Kazakhstan | Almaty | 41 | 87 | 42 | 24 | 194 | |||
Russia | Moscow | 34 | 157 | 224 | 207 | 622 | ||||
Vladivostok | 20 | 73 | 61 | 45 | 199 | |||||
2002 | Data missing | |||||||||
2001[18] | Russia | Moscow | 34 | 78 | 173 | 159 | 444 | |||
Vladivostok | 17 | 34 | 84 | 38 | 173 | |||||
2000[24] | Russia | Moscow | 26 | 120 | 122 | 94 | 362 | |||
1999[25] | Russia | Moscow | 24 | 101 | 135 | 88 | 348 | |||
1998 | Russia | Moscow | - | - | - | - | 278 |
Result for 2013, in 8 sites, June + December sessions : N1: 213 N2: 639 N3: 838 N4: 1078 N5: 1316 Total: 4084 (The number of levels increased to 5 in 2009)
See also
- Cyrillization of Japanese
- Languages of Russia
- List of languages of Russia
- Nikolai Rezanov, first Russian ambassador to Japan and author of an early Russian-Japanese lexicon
- Japanese School in Moscow, which is not a Japanese as a foreign language school, but instead a school for Japanese expatriates
- Russians in Japan
- Chinese as a foreign language
References
- ^ JSTOR 3000924
- ^ 2005年海外日本語教育機関調査結果: ロシア (Results of the 2005 survey of overseas Japanese language educational institutions: Russia) (in Japanese), Japan Foundation, 2005, archived from the original on 2007-06-23, retrieved 2008-01-12
- ^ 2006年海外日本語教育機関調査結果: ロシア (Results of the 2006 survey of overseas Japanese language educational institutions: Russia) (in Japanese), Japan Foundation, 2006, retrieved 2008-01-12 [dead link]
- ^ モスクワ日本人 学校の歩み, Japanese School in Moscow, archived from the original on 2006-11-14, retrieved 2006-12-01
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ [3]
- ^ a b c Hirano, Ko (2006-11-16), "St. Petersburg U. vows to rev up Japan studies", Kyodo News, retrieved 2006-12-03
- ^ a b c d Kobayashi, Tadashi (February 2002), Japanese Language Education in Russia, Opinion Papers, Economic Research Institute for Northeast Asia, archived from the original on 2011-07-22, retrieved 2009-08-14
- ^ Bessonova, Elena, Japanese Studies at Moscow State University, Congresso Internacional de Estudos Japoneses no Brasil, archived from the original on 2007-02-07, retrieved 2006-12-01
- ^ "Sixth Polivanov Readings open in Smolensk", Pravda (English Edition), 2003-05-20, archived from the original on 2007-09-29, retrieved 2006-12-03
- ^ a b Население по национальности и владению русским языком по субъектам Российской Федерации (in Russian), Федеральная служба государственной статистики, archived from the original (Microsoft Excel) on 2006-11-04, retrieved 2006-12-01
- ^ a b ">Владение языками (кроме русского) населением отдельных национальностей по республикам, автономной области и автономным округам Российской Федерации (in Russian). Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Archived from the original (Microsoft Excel) on 2006-11-04. Retrieved 2006-12-01.
- ^ Baek, Il-hyun (2005-09-14), "Scattered Koreans turn homeward", Joongang Daily, archived from the original on November 27, 2005, retrieved 2006-11-27
- ^ "Territorial dispute still unsolved 50 years after normalization", Kyodo News, 2006-10-07, archived from the original on 2006-11-11, retrieved 2006-12-03
- ^ Shirai, Yasuhiro (2000), The Aspect Hypothesis: A Universal of SLA or L1 Transfer?, Cornell University
- ^ Funatsu, Seiya; Kiritani, Shigeru (2000), 第二言語の摩擦音知覚における後続母音の影響-ロシア人日本語学習者における母語の干渉 (Effect of Following Vowel on Perception of Second Language Fricatives - Native language interference in Russian learners of Japanese) (in Japanese), vol. 4, Phonetic Society of Japan
- ^ a b The 2000 Japanese-Language Proficiency Test Number of Examinees by Sites, The Japan Foundation, 2002-02-14, archived from the original on 2003-04-07, retrieved 2006-12-03
- ^ a b Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2006: Summary of the Results (PDF), Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation, 2006, archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-10, retrieved 2007-08-22
- ^ 13th JLRT (2006): A Summary Report (PDF), Japan External Trade Organization, 2006, archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2007, retrieved 2006-12-01
- ^ Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2005: Summary of the Results (PDF), Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation, 2005, archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-11-02, retrieved 2006-12-01
- ^ Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2003: Summary of the Results (PDF), Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation, 2004, archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-08-27, retrieved 2006-12-03
- ^ Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2003: Summary of the Results (PDF), Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation, 2003, archived from the original (PDF) on 2004-11-17, retrieved 2006-12-03
- ^ The 2000 Japanese-Language Proficiency Test Number of Examinees by Sites, The Japan Foundation, 2001-02-07, archived from the original on 2003-04-07, retrieved 2006-12-03
- ^ The 1999 Japanese-Language Proficiency Test Number of Examinees by Sites, The Japan Foundation, 2000-02-07, archived from the original on 2000-10-18, retrieved 2006-12-13
- ^ "Japanese Language Proficiency Test 2005: Summary of the Results" (PDF). Japan Educational Exchanges and Services, The Japan Foundation. 2013. Retrieved 2014-10-04.
Further reading
- Tsutsumi, Masanori (December 1992), ロシア・ソビエトにおける日本語研究 (Studies of the Japanese Language in Russia and USSR) (in Japanese), Japan: Tokai University Press, ISBN 4-486-01206-2
External links
- (in Japanese) Japanese School in Moscow
- (in Japanese and Russian) Japan-Russia Youth Exchange