Jiuquan

Coordinates: 39°44′00″N 98°29′39″E / 39.7334°N 98.4943°E / 39.7334; 98.4943
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Jiuquan
酒泉市
Tsiuchuan
Suzhou District
Area
167,883 km2 (64,820 sq mi)
 • Urban
3,353 km2 (1,295 sq mi)
 • Metro
4,577 km2 (1,767 sq mi)
Elevation
1,483 m (4,865 ft)
Population
 (2022)[1][2]
1,053,100
 • Density6.3/km2 (16/sq mi)
 • Urban
693,959
 • Urban density210/km2 (540/sq mi)
 • Metro
768,274
 • Metro density170/km2 (430/sq mi)
GDP
Postal code
735000
Area code0937
ISO 3166 codeCN-GS-09
Licence plate prefixes甘F
Websitewww.jiuquan.gov.cn
Jiuquan
Hanyu Pinyin
Jiǔquán
Wade–GilesChiu³-chʻüan²
IPA[tɕjòʊ.tɕʰɥɛ̌n]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationJáu-chyùhn
Former names
Fulu
Hanyu Pinyin
Sùzhōu
Wade–GilesSu⁴-chou¹

Jiuquan, formerly known as Suzhou

Suzhou District
.

Name

Statue of Huo Qubing in Jiuquan city

The city was formerly known as Fulu, which became known as Suzhou (Suchow, Su-chow,

legendary story of the young Han general Huo Qubing, who was said to have poured a vat of precious wine into a local creek to share its taste with his troops after a victory over the Xiongnu nomads.[7]

History

Fulu was founded in 111 BC as an outpost in the

Yuan Dynasty, Suzhou Lu was established under Gansu Province. It sometimes served as the capital of the province of Gansu.[5] Along with its role protecting trade along the Silk Road, Suzhou was the great center of the rhubarb trade.[5]

Under the

Dungan Revolt. It was completely destroyed by the time it was recovered[5] by the Qing general Zuo Zongtang in 1873 but it was swiftly rebuilt.[5]

Administrative divisions

Jiuquan is made up of one district, two counties, two

autonomous counties and two country-level cities.[9][10][11]

Map
Name
Hanzi
Hanyu Pinyin
 Population
(2010 census)[12] 		Area (km2) Density
(/km2)
Suzhou District
 肃州区 Sùzhōu Qū 428,346 3,353 127.8
Yumen City 玉门市 Yùmén Shì 159,792 13,310 12.01
Dunhuang City 敦煌市 Dūnhuáng Shì 186,027 26,720 6.96
Jinta County 金塔县 Jīntǎ Xiàn 147,460 16,250 9.07
Guazhou County 瓜州县 Guāzhōu Xiàn 148,798 23,570 6.31
Subei Mongol Autonomous County 肃北蒙古族
自治县 		Sùběi Měnggǔzú
Zìzhìxiàn 		14,979 55,370 0.27
Aksai Kazakh Autonomous County
 阿克塞哈萨克族
自治县 		Ākèsài Hāsàkèzú
Zìzhìxiàn 		10,545 29,110 0.36

Geography and Climate

Jiuquan occupies the westernmost part of Gansu, bordering Zhangye City to the east, Qinghai to the south, Xinjiang to the west, Ejin Banner, Alxa league of Inner Mongolia and Mongolia to the north. Its administrative area ranges in latitude from 37° 58' to 42° 48' N and in longitude from 92° 09' to 100° 20' E, and reaches a maximal north–south extent of 550 km (340 mi) and maximal east-west width of 680 km (420 mi). Suzhou District is approximately 1,500 meters (4,900 ft) above sea level.

Jiuquan has a cold desert climate (Köppen BWk), with long, cold winters, and hot, somewhat dry summers. Monthly average temperatures range from −8.9 °C (16.0 °F) in January to 22.3 °C (72.1 °F) in July, with an annual mean of 7.79 °C (46.0 °F). The diurnal temperature variation is relatively large, averaging 13.8 °C (24.8 °F) annually. With sunny weather and low humidity dominating year-round, the area hosts one of the launch sites for the PRC's space programme. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 62% in July to 77% in October, the city receives 3,031 hours of bright sunshine annually.

Climate data for Jiuquan, elevation 1,477 m (4,846 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.8
(60.4) 		16.8
(62.2) 		25.2
(77.4) 		31.7
(89.1) 		34.4
(93.9) 		34.7
(94.5) 		38.1
(100.6) 		38.0
(100.4) 		33.0
(91.4) 		27.5
(81.5) 		19.6
(67.3) 		12.9
(55.2) 		38.1
(100.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1.8
(28.8) 		3.3
(37.9) 		10.5
(50.9) 		18.4
(65.1) 		23.7
(74.7) 		27.9
(82.2) 		29.7
(85.5) 		28.3
(82.9) 		23.1
(73.6) 		15.8
(60.4) 		7.3
(45.1) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		15.5
(59.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −9.1
(15.6) 		−4.1
(24.6) 		2.9
(37.2) 		10.9
(51.6) 		16.5
(61.7) 		21.1
(70.0) 		22.7
(72.9) 		20.8
(69.4) 		15.1
(59.2) 		7.8
(46.0) 		0.1
(32.2) 		−7.3
(18.9) 		8.1
(46.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −14.9
(5.2) 		−10.3
(13.5) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		3.9
(39.0) 		9.1
(48.4) 		13.9
(57.0) 		15.7
(60.3) 		13.9
(57.0) 		8.6
(47.5) 		1.6
(34.9) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−12.7
(9.1) 		1.7
(35.0)
Record low °C (°F) −27.8
(−18.0) 		−31.6
(−24.9) 		−25.7
(−14.3) 		−9.8
(14.4) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		5.1
(41.2) 		8.4
(47.1) 		4.4
(39.9) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		−16.9
(1.6) 		−20.6
(−5.1) 		−29.8
(−21.6) 		−31.6
(−24.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 2.2
(0.09) 		1.4
(0.06) 		5.0
(0.20) 		3.8
(0.15) 		8.6
(0.34) 		17.7
(0.70) 		21.6
(0.85) 		17.3
(0.68) 		10.7
(0.42) 		3.5
(0.14) 		2.1
(0.08) 		2.6
(0.10) 		96.5
(3.81)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 2.4 1.5 2.4 2.4 3.9 5.3 7.5 5.9 3.1 1.6 1.6 2.6 40.2
Average snowy days 3.7 2.6 3.2 1.1 0.2 0 0 0 0 0.6 2.6 4.1 18.1
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		55 45 40 33 35 42 51 53 52 47 50 58 47
Mean monthly sunshine hours 216.2 217.5 253.1 273.5 303.4 295.0 287.8 280.7 265.6 267.0 226.1 209.7 3,095.6
Percentage possible sunshine 71 71 68 68 68 66 64 67 72 79 77 72 70
Source:
NOAA[17]

Transport

Jiuquan is served by

Golmud–Dunhuang Railway, will connect Dunhuang to Golmud, Qinghai on the Qinghai–Tibet railway.[18]
There is also the
Jiayuguan–Ceke branch, which runs through the desert areas of Jiuquan Prefecture's Jinta County
.

Jiuquan is also served by

Dunhuang Airport
in Dunhuang.

Space launch center

The vertical assembly test plant in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
Main article: Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Jiuquan is the closest major city to the

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It was built in 1958; the first Chinese human spaceflight, Shenzhou 5 was launched there on 15 October 2003, making Yang Liwei China's first astronaut and a national hero.[19]
The second was in 2005.

Culture

Jiuquan is known within China as the first site of rhubarb cultivation.[8]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "China: Gānsù (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
  2. ^ 甘肃省统计局、国家统计局甘肃调查总队 (January 9, 2024). 《甘肃发展年鉴2023》. China Statistics Press.
  3. ^ 甘肃省统计局、国家统计局甘肃调查总队 (January 9, 2024). 《甘肃发展年鉴2023》. China Statistics Press.
  4. ^ ''Suzhou(肃州)'' is different from ''Suzhou(苏州)''.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g EB (1887).
  6. ^ a b 485.
  7. ^ a b Hill (2009), pp. 124, 126.
  8. ^ a b Winchester (2008), p. 264.
  9. ^ 酒泉市历史沿革 [Jiuquan City Historical Development] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 27 June 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2018. 2010年第六次人口普查，酒泉市常住总人口1095947人，其中，肃州区428346人，金塔县147460人，瓜州县148798人，肃北蒙古族自治县14979人，阿克塞哈萨克族自治县10545人，玉门市159792人，敦煌市186027人。
  10. National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China
    . 2016. Retrieved 26 May 2018. 统计用区划代码 名称 620901000000 市辖区 620902000000 肃州区 620921000000 金塔县 620922000000 瓜州县 620923000000 肃北蒙古族自治县 620924000000 阿克塞哈萨克族自治县 620981000000 玉门市 620982000000 敦煌市"
  11. ^ 酒泉概况 [Jiuquan Overview] (in Simplified Chinese). Jiuquan People's Government. 28 March 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2018. 全市辖"一区两市四县"（肃州区，玉门市、敦煌市，金塔县、瓜州县、肃北县和阿克塞县）
  12. ^ "Jiŭquán Shì (China): Cities, Districts and Counties & Townships - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  13. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  14. ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  15. ^ 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）. China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21.
  16. ^ "中国各地城市的历史最低气温". Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  17. ^ {{cite web |url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/China/CSV/JIUQUAN_52533.csv |title = Jiuquan Climate Normals 1991-2020 |publisher =
    NOAA
    |language = en-us
  18. ^ 格尔木至敦煌铁路开工. huochepiao.com (in Simplified Chinese). 2012-10-20. Archived from the original on 2012-12-09. Retrieved 2012-10-25.
  19. ^ Winchester (2008), 264.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jiuquan.