John Ernest Harper
John Ernest Harper | |
---|---|
Born | John Ernest Troyte Harper May 29, 1874 |
Died | May 27, 1949 | (aged 74)
Occupation | Royal Navy officer |
Known for | Documenting the Battle of Jutland |
Biography
Harper was born in New Zealand and educated there at
He became captain in 1913 and at the Naval Review of July 1914 served as master of the fleet.
Battle of Jutland account
He came to the attention of the public in the aftermath of the
Wemyss was replaced as
Harper was unwilling to put his name to a document he could not agree with, unless ordered in writing to do so. The Admiralty intended to publish much of the original source material, which would be available to others to judge the accuracy of his work.[5] Harper requested confirmation from Chatfield of the instructions to alter the record and received orders from Beatty to include them, 'in accordance with Board decision'. However, Harper records that First Lord Walter Long asked him what was causing delay in publication, and was then unaware that Beatty had ordered changes. Shortly afterward Beatty withdrew his objections and a final version was agreed for publication on 14 May 1920, though still containing alterations from the original.[4]
Beatty continued objections, now addressing his requests for changes to Lord Long, and a preface was added as well as some more changes to the text. Jellicoe was invited to view the original version and the altered form, and produced his own objections to some of the alterations, going so far as to say he would not be able to take up his forthcoming appointment as Governor of New Zealand unless the matter could be settled satisfactorily. He objected that the preface gave the impression that the main battle fleet under his command had arrived late and had little effect upon the battle. Negotiations continued, with Harper gaining the impression that Beatty's intent was simply to delay publication indefinitely. A final decision not to publish was taken by Long on the grounds that an official account of the whole naval war was anyway to be published by Sir Julian Corbett. Corbett had been given a copy of the 'Harper record' to assist him in his task.
Harper was director of navigation at the admiralty from 1919 to 1921 and member of the
After his retirement, Harper published another account of the battle, The truth about Jutland, in his own name. In this he commented about the battlecruiser engagement commanded by Beatty "it is an indisputable fact that, in the first phase of this battle, a British squadron, greatly superior in numbers and gun-power, not only failed to defeat a weaker enemy who made no effort to avoid action, but, in the space of 50 minutes suffered what can only be described as a partial defeat."[7]
Harper died 27 May 1949 and the funeral took place at All Saints' church, Hawkhurst, Kent.[8]
His son, also John Harper, also became a commander in the Royal Navy.
Filmography
Film
Year | Title | Role | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1940 | For Freedom | Himself |
References
- Janus biography and index to collected papers
- The Dreadnought Project: John Ernest Harper
- ISBN 0-7195-5076-9.
- Marder, Arthur J. Volume III: Jutland and after, May 1916 – December 1916. From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow. Oxford University Press.
- Roskill, Captain Stephen Wentworth (1980). Admiral of the Fleet Earl Beatty - The Last Naval Hero: An Intimate Biography. London: Collins. ISBN 0-689-11119-3.
- A Temple Patterson (1969). Jellicoe: A biography. London: Macmillan and co Ltd.
- ^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36713. London. 12 March 1902. p. 7.
- ^ Roskill p. 324
- ^ The Times, Saturday, 26 Jul 1919; pg. 17; Issue 42162; col G
- ^ a b Roskill p. 327-328
- ^ Patterson p.234
- ^ Roskill p. 325
- ^ Marder p. 36
- ^ The Times, Thursday, 2 Jun 1949; pg. 7; Issue 51397; col C
Publications
- "The Truth About Jutland" (1927)
- "The Riddle of Jutland" (1934) (with Langhorne Gibson)
- "The Royal Navy at War" (1941)