John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania
This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. (February 2021) |
Johann Friedrich, Duke of Pomerania | |
---|---|
Born | 27 August 1542 Wolgast |
Died | 9 February 1600 Wolgast | (aged 57)
Buried | Castle Church in Szczecin |
Noble family | House of Griffin |
Spouse(s) | Erdmuthe of Brandenburg |
Father | Philip I, Duke of Pomerania |
Mother | Maria of Saxony |
John Frederick (
Biography
Johann Friedrich was the oldest of ten siblings, born to Philipp I of Pomerania-Wolgast and Maria of Saxony. At the age of 14, he was elected bishop of Cammin on 29 August 1556, after his predecessor Martin von Weiher had died on 8 June. Starting with John Frederick, the House of Griffin held this title until the last duke died in 1637, thus ending the considerable independence of the bishopric's territory from the rest of the Duchy of Pomerania. In 1560, the bishopric's administration was reformed accordingly.[2]
When his father died on 14 February 1560, John Frederick nominally became duke of Pomerania but was still under the tutelage of his great-uncle,
After his return from the war in 1567, John Frederick took on his position as the bishop of Cammin and also his position as the duke of Pomerania, which he provisionally shared with his brother, Bogislaw XIII.[3]
Then 68-year-old Barnim XI decided in 1569 to withdraw from his position as a duke, and the
John Frederick succeeded in elevating Stettin (now Szczecin) to one of only three places allowed to coin money in the Upper Saxon Circle, the other two places were Leipzig and Berlin. He also advocated against the imperial prohibition of using coins from outside the Holy Roman Empire, arguing that this undermined his duchy's position as a frontier trade center.[4]
In 1570, John Frederick, on behalf of Emperor Maximilian II, hosted the peace conference ending the Northern Seven Years' War between the Swedish Empire and Denmark–Norway.[5] He was the head of the mediators appointed by the emperor.[6] The conference resulted in the Treaty of Stettin.[5]
In 1568, he began with the erection of a residence in
John Frederick also tried to elevate Pomerania's military status in the
John Frederick improved the relations with Brandenburg by marrying Erdmut (also Erdmuthe; 26 June 1561 – 13 November 1623),[citation needed] oldest daughter of John George, Elector of Brandenburg. He had no children with her.[10]
John Frederick died on 9 February 1600.[10] His sudden death during a party at Wolgast contributed to apocalyptic fears, which were especially widespread in 1600.[11] He was succeeded by Barnim XII; who, however, outlived his brother by only three years.[12]
References
- ^ Grewolls (1995), p. 213
- ^ Inachim (2008), pp. 58–59
- ^ a b c Inachim (2008), pp. 60–61
- ^ Krüger (2006), pp. 53–55
- ^ a b Lavery (2002), pp. 129
- ^ Lanzinner (1993), p. 412
- ^ Inachim (2008), p. 61
- ^ Hildisch (1980), p. 53
- ^ Nicklas (2002), pp. 134–135
- ^ a b Inachim (2008), p. 62
- ^ Kaufmann (2006), p. 419
- ^ Inachim (2008), p. 63
Bibliography
- Grewolls, Grete (1995). Wer war wer in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern? Ein Personenlexikon. Edition Temmen. ISBN 3-86108-282-9.
- Hildisch, Johannes (1980). Die Münzen der pommerschen Herzöge von 1569 bis zum Erlöschen des Greifengeschlechtes. Böhlau. ISBN 3-412-04679-5.
- ISBN 978-3-356-01044-2.
- Kaufmann, Thomas (2006). Konfession und Kultur: lutherischer Protestantismus in der zweiten Hälfte des Reformationsjahrhunderts. Mohr Siebeck. ISBN 3161490177.
- Krüger, Joachim (2006). Zwischen dem Reich und Schweden: die landesherrliche Münzprägung im Herzogtum Pommern und in Schwedisch-Pommern in der frühen Neuzeit (ca. 1580 bis 1715). LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster. ISBN 3-8258-9768-0.
- Lanzinner, Maximilian (1993). Friedenssicherung und politische Einheit des Reiches unter Kaiser Maximilian II. (1564–1576). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 3-525-35947-0.
- Lavery, Jason Edward (2002). Germany's northern challenge: the Holy Roman Empire and the Scandinavian struggle for the Baltic, 1563–1576. Brill Academic. ISBN 0-391-04156-8.
- Nicklas, Thomas (2002). Macht oder Recht: frühneuzeitliche Politik im Obersächsischen Reichskreis. Franz Steiner Verlag. ISBN 3-515-07939-4.