John Simpson Knox
John Simpson Knox VC | |
---|---|
Legion d'Honneur (France) |
Brevet Major John Simpson Knox VC (30 September 1828 – 8 January 1897) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Early life and military career
Born in Glasgow on 30 September 1828, Knox joined the British Army at the age of 14.[1] He was under-age, but was unusually tall, he was promoted to corporal before reaching the age of 18.[2]
Crimean War
By the time of the
The Scots Fusilier Guards were part of the
The scene that met my gaze was the most awful description: it made me shudder. The bodies of our opponents were so thick on the ground that for some distance I had to go on tiptoe to pass without touching … the enemy cheered, and endeavoured to drive us back; however, we stuck to them until we were masters.[1]
He was commissioned (
On 18 June 1855, Knox volunteered for the ladder party in the attack on the Redan, an attempt to finish the Siege of Sevastopol, he was struck by a Russian cannonball, removing part of his left arm.[1] His actions that day also contributed toward his receiving the VC. His Crimea Medal shows that he also fought at the Battle of Balaclava and the Battle of Inkerman.[2]
On 29 January 1856
His VC citation read:War Office, 24th February, 1857.
THE Queen has been graciously pleased to signify Her intention to confer the Decoration of the Victoria Cross on the undermentioned Officers and Men of Her Majesty's Navy and Marines, and Officers, Non-commissioned Officers, and Men of Her Majesty's Army, who have been recommended to Her Majesty for that Decoration,—in accordance with the rules laid down in Her Majesty's Warrant of the 29th of January, 1856—on account of acts of bravery performed by them before the Enemy during the late War, as recorded against their several names, viz. :—
[...]
2nd Bat. Rifle Brigade Lieutenant John Knox
When serving as a Serjeant in the Scots Fusilier Guards, Lieutenant Knox was conspicuous for his exertions in reforming the ranks of the Guards at the Battle of the Alma.
Subsequently, when in the Rifle Brigade, he volunteered for the ladder-party in the attack on the Redan, on 18 June, and (in the words of Captain Blackett, under whose command he was) behaved admirably, remaining on the field until twice wounded.[14]
He was among the 62 men at the first presentation of the VC, made by Queen Victoria in Hyde Park, London on 26 June 1857.[15] His action at the Alma was the earliest for which a VC was awarded to a member of the British Army—earlier actions leading to the award of a VC were carried out by members of the Royal Navy.[1]
Later life
Despite the loss of his arm, he continued to serve, and was appointed an Instructor of Musketry on 7 January 1858,[16] and promoted captain on 30 April.[17] On 15 June 1866 he was appointed Inspector of Musketry for the South Western District.[18] He briefly returned to regimental duties from 22 January 1872,[19] and on his retirement from the army on 8 June 1872 was granted a brevet majority.[20] He took up residence at Cheltenham where he died on 8 January 1897, and was buried in the town's cemetery where three other VC recipients also lie.[1]
Sale of medals
In March 2010 it was announced that his VC is to be sold at auction in May by medal and coin specialists Spink's, with an estimated price of £100,000–120,000.[1][21] His VC was sold along with his Crimean War campaign medals, insignia of the Légion d'honneur, and the Russian cannonball which caused the partial loss of his left arm at the Redan. No details of the current owner have been given.[1] The sale took place on 22 April 2010 with the medal and the cannonball being sold for £252,000 ($387,500) to an anonymous buyer.[22]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Bates, Stephen (25 March 2010). "Lord Ashcroft may bid for £100K Crimea Victoria Cross—Medal awarded to Scots guard John Simpson Knox in 1854 goes on sale, along with cannonball that removed his arm". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 26 March 2010.
- ^ a b "First ever Victoria Cross medal to be sold at auction—The first ever Victoria Cross medal awarded to a soldier of the British Army is expected to sell at auction for £120,000". The Daily Telegraph. 25 March 2010. Archived from the original on 1 February 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
- ^ Small, pp. 43–44, 46.
- ^ Small, p. 47.
- ^ Small, pp. 44, 47.
- ^ Small, pp. 48–49.
- ^ Small, pp. 50–53.
- ^ "No. 21670". The London Gazette. 2 March 1855. p. 905.
- ^ "No. 21710". The London Gazette. 11 May 1855. p. 1828.
- ^ "No. 21846". The London Gazette. 5 February 1856. pp. 410–411.
- ^ "No. 21971". The London Gazette. 4 August 1856. pp. 649–662.
- ^ "The Legion of Honour and the English Officers". Official Appointments and Notices. The Times. No. 22422. London. 17 July 1856. col D, p. 9.
- ^ "No. 21909". The London Gazette. 4 August 1856. pp. 2699–2705.
- ^ "No. 21971". The London Gazette. 24 February 1857. p. 662.
- ISBN 978-0-413-77218-3, pp. 12–13
- ^ "No. 22090". The London Gazette. 2 February 1858. p. 498.
- ^ "No. 22132". The London Gazette. 30 April 1858. p. 2095.
- ^ "No. 23127". The London Gazette. 15 June 1866. p. 3488.
- ^ "No. 23837". The London Gazette. 5 March 1872. p. 1313.
- ^ "No. 23865". The London Gazette. 7 June 1872. p. 2667.
- ^ "First soldier's VC on sale, with cannon ball that hit him". The Times. London. 26 March 2010. Retrieved 26 March 2010.
- ^ "Soldier's Victoria Cross auctioned with cannonball". BBC. 22 April 2010. Retrieved 22 April 2010.
Sources
- Small, Hugh (2007). The Crimean War—Queen Victoria's War with the Russian Tsar. ISBN 978-0-7524-4388-1.
Further reading
- Monuments to Courage(David Harvey, 1999)
- The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)
- Scotland's Forgotten Valour (Graham Ross, 1995)
External links
- Location of grave and VC medal (Gloucestershire)