John Ward (prophet)

John Ward (25 December 1781 – 12 March 1837), known as Zion Ward, was an

Member of Parliament Joseph Hume.^[1]

Early life and career

Ward was born at the Cove of Cork (now

shipwright. His father took him to London in 1797, where he learned shoemaking from his brother, but soon went back to his former trade and served on board the man-of-war Blanche as a shipwright; in this capacity he saw action at the Battle of Copenhagen on 2 April 1801.^[1]

In 1803, Ward was paid off from the Navy at

Sandemanians, becoming a village preacher.^[1]

Preacher

Just after the death of prophetess Joanna Southcott in 1814, Ward came across her Fifth Book of Wonders.[2] Its universalism captivated him, and he began to preach it. This led to him rejoining the Methodists, who made him a local preacher, but soon dismissed him for his heretical views. The Southcottians would not receive him either.^[1]

Convinced by the example of Joanna Southcott that prophecy was "a living gift", Ward looked for another prophet to guide him, falling in with Mary Boon of

Seventh-day Sabbatarian fanatic who claimed to be Joanna Southcott reborn. Ward became the "reader" of the letters she dictated (for she could neither read nor write), for the benefit of her London followers. Around 1825, Ward began to experience visions in which he was supposedly visited by Southcott in spirit form.^[3] His followers reckoned their years from this point, designating 1826 First year, new date.^[1]

Prophet

In 1827, Ward gave up shoemaking to proclaim his divine call; his wife and family were convinced that he was mad, and he was reported to the

parish officers. He was brought before a Southwark magistrate (Chambers), declared insane, and committed to Newington Workhouse for six months. He continued to experience visions, claiming to have received instruction and a sense of "call and mission".^[3] Upon being freed, on 20 November 1828, he claimed to be "a new man, having a new name", Zion. He also called himself Shiloh, as he was convinced that he was the biblical messiah of that name, to whom Southcott had claimed she would give birth.^[1]

In 1829, with the help of a follower, Charles William Twort (d. 1878, aged 93), he began to print

Rotunda on Blackfriars Road, previously made notorious by the preaching of Robert Taylor (1784–1844).^[1]

Imprisonment and final years

In 1832, Ward and Twort came into conflict with the authorities at

Member of Parliament Joseph Hume spoke in favour of the petition, and the Attorney General opposed. On Hunt's motion, the house was counted out while Alexander Perceval was speaking. No mitigation of the sentence was obtained, but the confinement, as Ward described it, was by no means harsh.^[1]

Freed on 3 February 1834, Ward travelled to Bristol and preached to a congregation there. At the end of 1835 he had a paralytic stroke. On October 1836, he settled in Leeds. He died at 91 Park Lane, Leeds, on 12 March 1837.^[1]

Personality and influences

Though said to be of "gentle disposition" and "modest demeanour", Ward was a persuasive speaker, and in conversation and writing, was able to argue with some authority and even humour. His attempts at verse are uncouth, but often effective. His main influence was Joanna Southcott and her school, but he was also familiar with the ideas of George Fox (1624–1691) and Lodowicke Muggleton (1609–1698); however, most of his teaching came from his own considerations on the Bible. He regarded biblical scripture as allegorical, and elaborated a key for eliciting its hidden meanings. His theology is a spiritual pantheism, which allows immortality only to the regenerate.^[1]

Printed works

Ward's printed works include over thirty pieces, among which are:

Vision of Judgment (1829, 2 parts)
Living Oracle (1830)
Book of Letters (1831)
Discourses at the Rotunda (1831)
Review of Trial and Sentence (1832)
Creed (1832)
Spiritual Alphabet (1833)
Origin of Evil (1837)
New Light on the Bible (1873)

In 1874, a "jubilee" edition of his works was planned, with the title Writings of Zion Ward, or Shiloh, the Spiritual Man, but only three parts were actually published (Birmingham, 1874–5). However, some additional tracts were printed separately, e.g. Good and Evil made One (1877).