John Wikswo
John Wikswo | |
---|---|
Born | |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Biological Physics |
Institutions | Vanderbilt University |
John Peter Wikswo, Jr. (born October 6, 1949) is a biological physicist at Vanderbilt University. He was born in Lynchburg, Virginia, United States.
Wikswo is noted for his work on biomagnetism and cardiac electrophysiology.
Graduate school
In the 1970s, Wikswo was a graduate student at Stanford University, where he worked under physicist William M. Fairbank, studying magnetocardiography.
Biomagnetism
In 1977 he became an assistant professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Vanderbilt University, where he set up a laboratory to study living state physics. In 1980, he made the first measurement of the magnetic field of an isolated nerve, by threading the a frog sciatic nerve through a wire-wound, ferrite-core toroid and detecting the induced current using a SQUID magnetometer. [1] At the same time, Wikswo and Ken Swinney calculated the magnetic field of a nerve axon. [2] This work was followed a few years later by the first detailed comparison of the measured and calculated magnetic field produced by a single nerve axon. [3]
In a related line of study, Wikswo collaborated with Vanderbilt Professor John Barach to analyze the information content of biomagnetic versus bioelectric signals. [4] [5] [6]
Cardiac electrophysiology
One of Wikswo's most important contributions to science is his work in cardiac electrophysiology. In 1987 he began collaborating with doctors at the Vanderbilt Medical School, including Dan Roden, to study electrical propagation in the dog heart. [7] These studies led to the discovery of the virtual cathode effect in cardiac tissue: during electrical stimulation, the action potential wave front originated farther from the electrode in the direction perpendicular to the myocardial fibers than in the direction parallel to them. [8]
In parallel with these experimental studies, Wikswo analyzed the virtual cathode effect theoretically using the
Unequal anisotropy ratios has even an even greater impact during electrical stimulation of the heart. Again using the finite element model, Wikswo, Roth and Sepulveda predicted the
The calculation of the transmembrane potential by a unipolar electrode resulted in another prediction: regions of hyperpolarization adjacent to the cathode in the direction parallel to the myocardial fibers. Reversal of the stimulus polarization provided a mechanism for anodal stimulation of cardiac tissue. In order to test this prediction experimentally, Wikswo mastered the technique of optical mapping using
SQUID magnetometers
In the 1990s, Wikswo began developing high spatial resolution SQUID magnetometers for mapping the magnetic field, to use in both biomagnetic studies and in non-destructive testing. [15] [16] [17] As is characteristic of Wikswo's work, he simultaneously developed theoretical methods to image a two-dimensional current density distribution from magnetic field measurements. [18]
VIIBRE
In the first two decades of the 21st century, Wikswo's research has emphasized the development and application of micro- and nano-scale devices for instrumenting and controlling single cells. [19] In 2001 he founded the Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education (VIIBRE) to foster and enhance interdisciplinary research in the biophysical sciences and bioengineering at Vanderbilt. Wikswo refocused his research on
Other positions
He also serves on the scientific advisory boards of Hypres Inc. and CardioMag Imaging Inc.[20]
Brief curriculum vitae
- 1970 B.A., Physics, University of Virginia
- 1973 M.S., Physics, Stanford University
- 1975 Ph.D., Physics, Stanford University
- 1975-1977 Research Fellow in Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine
- 1977-1982 Assistant Professor of Physics, Vanderbilt University
- 1982-1988 Associate Professor of Physics, Vanderbilt University
- 1988–present Professor of Physics, Vanderbilt University
- 2001–present Gordon A. Cain University Professor, Vanderbilt University
- 2001–present Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University
- 2001–present Professor of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University
- 2001–present Director, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education
- 2005–present A.B. Learned Professor in Living State Physics, Vanderbilt University
Awards
Year | Award |
---|---|
1980–1982 | Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow |
1984 | IR-100 Award for Neuromagnetic Current Probe |
1989 | Fellow, American Physical Society |
1999 | Fellow, American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering |
2001 | Fellow, American Heart Association |
2005 | Fellow, Biomedical Engineering Society |
2006 | Fellow, Heart Rhythm Society |
2008 | Fellow, IEEE
|
2017 | R&D 100 Award for the MultiWell MicroFormulator |
References
- PMID 7361105.
- PMID 7260298.
- PMID 4016213.
- PMID 7109652.
- PMID 3779008.
- .
- PMID 2436827.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - PMID 1991354.
- S2CID 30462160.
- PMID 3580484.
- PMID 2720084.
- S2CID 12706791.
- PMID 8599628.
- S2CID 8440276.
- .
- S2CID 13145015.
- S2CID 250886288.
- doi:10.1063/1.342549.
- PMID 15915253.
- ^ "Executive Profile: John P. Wikswo Ph.D."[dead link], Bloomberg Businessweek, accessed 2014-01-21.
Further reading
- Bluestein, Adam (Summer 2013). "From Organs to Whole Humans". proto. Archived from the original on 14 March 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
- Gorman, Jessica (13 March 2013). "SQUID can catch concealed corrosion". ScienceNews. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
- Grohol, John M. (1 October 2005). "Development of portable infectious disease detector". Psych Central. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
- Schewe, Phillip F.; Stein, Benjamin P. (May 2001). "Squid Detectives Could Save US Billions". APS News. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
- Vanderbilt University (9 December 2003). "Little-studied Waves In The Heart May Be Cause Of Defibrillation Failure". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
- "Little-studied Waves In The Heart May Be Cause Of Defibrillation Failure".