John Winram

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John Winram
or Wynram
or Wynrame
or Winraham
John Winram's tombstone[1]
Personal details
Born1492
Died28 September 1582
DenominationChristian
Alma materSt. Andrews

John Winram (1492 - 1582) was a 16th-century

St Leonard's College, University of St Andrews
.

He had become an

Prior of St Serf's Inch, Lochleven
.

In his roles at St Andrews and St Serf's Inch, he was able to exert an influence on the national church. He was a keen reformer, but it was not until the

Roman Catholic Church
. Winram played a leading role in the early organisation of the newly independent Scottish Church, maintaining a high work-load as an administrator into his 80s.

Winram had married Margaret Stewart, the illegitimate daughter of Alexander Stewart, Bishop of Moray, in 1562. By this marriage he obtained two stepsons, Robert and Andrew. The former suffered from severe disability, though the latter was healthy and he and Winram had a mutually beneficial relationship until the death of Margaret led to a dispute about her will. The dispute raged through the courts of south-eastern Scotland, and their relationship never recovered. Winram died on 28 September 1582. He was buried in the chapel of St Leonard's College.

Career

John Winram (1492?–1582), was a Scottish reformer, descended from the Winrams or Winrahams of Kirkness or Ratho, Fifeshire. He was born about 1492. Entering the college of

Lord James Stewart (afterwards Earl of Moray), who was then in his minority.[2]

Role at Wishart's trial

At the trial of

Beaton that Wishart had declared his innocence and asked the consent of Beaton that he should "have the communion," which was refused (Chronicle, p. 476).[2]

Relationship with Knox and clergy

In regard to Knox, Winram adopted a similarly impartial attitude. He was present at Knox's first sermon preached in the chapel of the castle of St. Andrews in 1547, and, after the sermon, called him before a convention of the grey and black friars in the yard of St. Leonard's, not "to hear as judge, but only familiarly to talk." After arguing with Knox in a very half-hearted fashion, Winram left further discussion in the hands of Arbuckle, the grey friar; but Knox represents his own triumph in the argument as complete; and although the friars resolved that, as an antidote to Knox's teaching, every learned man in the city, beginning with the sub-prior, should preach a series of sermons in the parish kirk, the sermons, according to Knox, were "penned so as to offend no man".[5] Winram was present at the meeting of the provincial council held in Edinburgh in November 1549, at which special resolutions were passed for reforming the lives of the clergy (Robertson, Stat. Eccles. Scot. ii. 82–4); and by some he is supposed to have been the author of the catechism, known generally as Archbishop Hamilton's, approved by a provincial council held at Edinburgh in January 1552.[2]

Winram as reformer

Although present at the trial of Walter Milne in 1558 and at a provincial council held in 1559, Winram cast in his lot with the reformers as soon as their cause seemed likely to prevail; and, being nominated by the lords superintendent of Fife, 9 July 1560, he was admitted at St. Andrews 13 April 1561. He is sometimes included among those to whom was entrusted the compilation of the first confession of faith; but, on the contrary, it was to him and William Maitland of Lethington that the confession was submitted for revision, and they mitigated "the austeritie of maynie words and sentences which seemed to proceed rather of some evil-conceived opinion than of any sound judgment" (Randolph to Cecil, 7 Sept. 1560).[6] He was present at the parliament at which it was ratified, and spoke in its support (Randolph to Cecil, 19 Aug.),[7] and, after the ratification, was appointed one of a commission to draw up the "Book of Discipline".[8][9]

Character

Winram is described by Quentin Kennedy as "wonderfullie learnit baith in the New Testament, Auld Testament, and mekle mair [much more]" ("Ane Compendious Reasoning,"),[10] and it is very clear that he was more of a scholar than a controversialist. He seems not to have been specially enamoured of the puritanic Calvinism of the leading Scottish reformers, and in his final adherence to the Reformation he was probably influenced mainly by considerations of expediency. At nearly every general assembly from 1562 to 1570 complaint was made against him as superintendent for slackness in visitation and preaching; and his "immersion in worldly affairs" also gave offence to the more censorious.[9]

Offices

As prior of

Holyrood House, 5 March 1574, and on 29 July 1580 he conveyed the priory of Portmoak to St. Leonard's College, St. Andrews. He died on 28 September 1582. Winram was married, 12 July 1564, to Margaret Stewart, relict of Ayton of Kinaldy.[12]

Publications

  • A Catechism (of which no copy is known to exist)

Bibliography

References

Citations
  1. ^ Fleming 1889, p lix.
  2. ^ a b c Henderson 1900, p 200.
  3. ^ Knox 1895a, pp 150-151.
  4. ^ Knox 1895a, pp 168.
  5. ^ Knox 1895a, pp 193–201.
  6. ^ Knox 1895f, p 120.
  7. ^ Knox 1895f, p 118.
  8. ^ Knox 1895b, p 128.
  9. ^ a b Henderson 1900, p 200-201.
  10. ^ Knox 1895f, p 167.
  11. ^ Calderwood 1843c, pp 206-207.
  12. ^ Henderson 1900, pp 200-201.
  13. ^ Henderson 1900, p 201.
  14. ^ Scott 1869, p 832.
Sources
Religious titles
Preceded by
David Guthrie
 Prior of Loch Leven
1552–1582 		Succeeded by
none *
*Priory handed over to St Leonard's College in 1582
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