Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall
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Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall | |
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Born | 9 June 1774 Graz |
Died | 23 November 1856 (aged 82) Vienna |
Occupation | Orientalist |
Signature | |
Joseph Freiherr von Hammer-Purgstall (9 June 1774 – 23 November 1856) was an Austrian orientalist, historian and diplomat. He is considered one of the most accomplished orientalists of his time.
Life
Born Joseph Hammer in Graz,
In 1824 he was knighted and thereafter styled himself as Ritter Joseph von Hammer.
For fifty years Hammer-Purgstall wrote prolifically on the most diverse subjects and published numerous texts and translations of
Hammer-Purgstall supported the foundation of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna and became the Academy's first president (1847–1849). The Austrian Oriental Society, founded in 1959 to foster cultural relations with the Near East, is formally named 'Österreichische Orient-Gesellschaft Hammer-Purgstall' in recognition of Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall's accomplishments.
In 1847 he received a medal commissioned by a friend of his, Ludwig August von Frankl. The reverse references some of his works in pictures.[2]
He died in Vienna on 23 November 1856.[3]
Views
Hammer considered the Greeks of his time to culturally belong with the Orient on linguistic and political grounds,[4] rather than following the philhellenic trend of equating the Greeks with their classical legacy.[5] In this regard, he seems to have stayed faithful to a late eighteenth-century intellectual tradition.[6]
Works
Hammer-Purgstall's principal work is his Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches (10 vols., Pest, 1827–1835; revised edition in 4 vols., 1834–1836; reprinted 1840). Among his other works are:
- Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī ibn Waḥshīyah, Ancient Alphabets and Hieroglyphic Characters Explained; With an Account of the Egyptian Priests, Their Classes, Initiation, and Sacrifices, ed. and trans. J. Hammer (London, 1806)
- Des osmanischen Reichs Staatsverfassung und Staatsverwaltung, dargestellt aus den Quellen seiner Grundgesetze (Vienna, 1815): vol. I, vol. II
- Geschichte der schönen Redekünste Persiens mit einer Blüthenlese aus zweyhundert persischen Dichtern (Vienna, 1818)
- Umblick auf einer Reise von Constantinopel nach Brussa und dem Olympos, und von da zurück über Nicäa und Nicomedien (Pest, 1818)
- Morgenländisches Kleeblatt (Vienna, 1819)
- Constantinopolis und der Bosporos, örtlich und geschichtlich beschrieben (Pest, 1822)
- Sur les origines russes (St Petersburg, 1825)
- Die Geschichte der Assassinen aus morgenländischen Quellen (Stuttgart und Tübingen, 1818) (in English as The History of the Assassins trans. O. C. Wood (London, 1835)
- Geschichte der osmanischen Dichtkunst (1836)
- Geschichte der Goldenen Horde in Kiptschak, das ist der Mongolen in Russland (Pest, 1840)
- Geschichte der Ilchane, das ist der Mongolen in Persien (2 vols., Darmstadt, 1842)
- Khlesl's, des Cardinals, Directors des geheimen Cabinetes Kaiser Mathias, Leben (4 vols., Vienna, 1847–1851) – a four-volume biography of Melchior Klesl
- Literaturgeschichte der Araber. Von ihrem Beginne bis zu Ende des zwölften Jahrhunderts der Hidschret (7 vols., 1850–1856) – unfinished: vol. I, vol. II, vol. III, vol. IV, vol. V, vol. VI, vol. VII
- Geschichte der Chane der Krim unter osmanischer Herrschaft (Vienna, 1856)
- Erinnerungen aus meinem Leben, 1774–1852, ed. Reinhart Bachofen von Echt (Vienna, 1940) – memoirs.
For a comprehensive list of his works see Constantin Schlottmann, Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Zurich 1857.
For a biographical account of Hammer's life, see Walter Höflechner, Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall 1774–1856: ein altösterreichisches Gelehrtenleben. Eine Annäherung, Graz 2021.
Family
Hammer married Caroline von Henikstein (1797–1844), the daughter of
See also
References
- ^ "HAMMER-PURGSTALL, JOSEPH FREIHERR von". Encyclopaedia Iranica. March 6, 2012.
- ^ http://hdl.handle.net/10900/100742 S. Krmnicek und M. Gaidys, Gelehrtenbilder. Altertumswissenschaftler auf Medaillen des 19. Jahrhunderts. Begleitband zur online-Ausstellung im Digitalen Münzkabinett des Instituts für Klassische Archäologie der Universität Tübingen, in: S. Krmnicek (Hrsg.), Von Krösus bis zu König Wilhelm. Neue Serie Bd. 3 (Tübingen 2020), 38f.
- ISBN 0-902-198-84-X. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2013-01-24. Retrieved 2016-09-07.
- ^ Hammer, Joseph von (1822), Constantinopolis und der Bosporos, örtlich und geschichtlich beschrieben, vol. 2, Pest: Hartleben, pp. 387–388
- ^ Bernal, Martin (1987), Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization, vol. 1, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, p. 292
- ^ Osterhammel, Jürgen (2018), Unfabling the East: The Enlightenment's Encounter with Asia, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, p. 50
- ^ Finkel, Caroline (2015), "Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall's English Translation of the First Books of Evliya Çelebi's Seyahatnâme (Book of Travels)", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 3rd series, 25: 41–55
- ^ Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall
- ^ Gibson, Matthew (2007), "Jane Anne Cranstoun, Countess Purgstall: a Possible Inspiration for Le Fanu's 'Carmilla'", Le Fanu Studies, 2 (2)
Sources
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph, Freiherr von". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
- Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1910). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .