Tübingen
Tübingen
Dibenga ( Swabian) | |
---|---|
Location of Tübingen within Tübingen district | |
Coordinates: 48°31′12″N 09°03′20″E / 48.52000°N 9.05556°E | |
Country | Germany |
State | Baden-Württemberg |
Admin. region | Tübingen |
District | Tübingen |
Government | |
• Lord mayor (2022–30) | Boris Palmer[1] (Ind.) |
Area | |
• Total | 108.12 km2 (41.75 sq mi) |
Elevation | 341 m (1,119 ft) |
Population (2022-12-31)[2] | |
• Total | 92,811 |
• Density | 860/km2 (2,200/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Postal codes | 72001–72099 |
Dialling codes | 07071 07073 (Unterjesingen) 07472 (Bühl) |
Vehicle registration | TÜ |
Website | www.tuebingen.de |
Tübingen (German:
Immediately north of the city lies the
The Ammer and Steinlach rivers are tributaries of the Neckar river, which flows in an easterly direction through the city, just south of the medieval old town. Large parts of the city are hilly, with the Schlossberg and the Österberg in the city centre and the Schnarrenberg and Herrlesberg, among others, rising immediately adjacent to the inner city.
The highest point is at about 500 m (1,640.42 ft)
History
The area was probably first settled by ancient humans in the 12th millennium BC. The
Tübingen first appears in official records in 1191. The local castle, Hohentübingen, has records going back to 1078, when it was besieged by Henry IV, king of Germany. Its name was transcribed in Medieval Latin as Tuingia and Twingia.
From 1146, Count Hugo V (1125–52) was promoted to count palatine as Hugo I. Tübingen was established as the capital of a County Palatine of Tübingen. By 1231, Tübingen was a civitas, indicating recognition by the Crown of civil liberties and a court system.
In 1262, an Augustinian monastery was established by Pope Alexander IV in Tübingen; in 1272, a Franciscan monastery was founded. In 1300, a Latin school (today's Uhland-Gymnasium) was founded. During the Protestant Reformation, which Duke Ulrich of Württemberg converted to, he disestablished the Franciscan monastery in 1535.
In 1342, the county palatine was sold to Ulrich III, Count of Württemberg and incorporated into the County of Württemberg.
Between 1470 and 1483,
Between 1622 and 1625, the
In 1789, parts of the old town burned down, but were later rebuilt in the original style. In 1798 the Allgemeine Zeitung, a leading newspaper in early 19th-century Germany, was founded in Tübingen by Johann Friedrich Cotta. From 1807 until 1843, the poet Friedrich Hölderlin lived in Tübingen in a tower overlooking the Neckar.
In the Nazi era, the Tübingen Synagogue was burned in the Kristallnacht on November 9, 1938. The Second World War left the city largely unscathed, mainly because of the peace initiative of a local doctor, Theodor Dobler. It was occupied by the French army and became part of the French zone of occupation. From 1946 to 1952, Tübingen was the capital of the newly formed state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern (as French: Tubingue), before the state of Baden-Württemberg was created by merging Baden, Württemberg-Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern. The French troops had a garrison stationed in the south of the city until the end of the Cold War in the 1990s.
In the 1960s, Tübingen was one of the centres of the
On May 27, 1968, the first ever automated teller machine in Germany was installed in Tübingen, into the wall of the local community bank Kreissparkasse Tübingen, built by Aalen-based safe builder Ostertag AG in cooperation with AEG-Telefunken. It was made available to use for 1000 selected clients of the bank.[4][5]
Although noticing such things today is largely impossible, as recently as the 1950s, Tübingen was a very socioeconomically divided city, with poor local farmers and tradesmen living along the Stadtgraben (City Canal) and students and academics residing around the Alte Aula and the Burse, the old
In the second half of the 20th century, Tübingen's administrative area was extended beyond what is now called the "core city" to include several outlying small towns and villages. Most notable among these is
Overview
In 2020[update], the city had 90,000 inhabitants. Life in the city is dominated by its roughly 28,000 students. Tübingen is best described as a mixture of old and distinguished academic flair, including
In 1995[update], the German weekly magazine Focus published a national survey, according to which Tübingen had the highest quality of life of all cities in Germany. Factors taken into consideration included the infrastructure, the integration of bicycle lanes into the road system, a bus system connecting surrounding hills and valleys, late-night services, areas of the city that can be reached on foot, the pedestrianised old town, and other amenities and cultural events offered by the university. Tübingen is the city with the youngest average population in Germany.
Main sights
Tübingen's Altstadt (old town) survived the World War II due to the city's lack of heavy industry. The result is a growing domestic tourism business as visitors come to wander through one of the few completely intact historic Altstädte in Germany. The highlights of Tübingen include its crooked cobblestone lanes, narrow-stair alleyways picking their way through the hilly terrain, streets lined with canals, and well-maintained traditional half-timbered houses.
Old city landmarks include the city hall on Markt Square and the Hohentübingen Castle, now part of the University of Tübingen. The central landmark is the
The centre of Tübingen is the site of weekly and seasonal events, including regular market days on the Holzmarkt by the Stiftskirche and the Marktplatz by the Rathaus, an outdoor cinema in winter and summer, festive autumn and Christmas markets and (formerly) Europe's largest Afro-Brazilian festival.
Students and tourists also come to the Neckar River in the summer to visit beer gardens or go boating in Stocherkähne, the Tübingen equivalent of Oxford and Cambridge punts, only slimmer. A Stocherkahn carries up to 20 people. On the second Thursday of June, all Stocherkahn punts take part in a major race, the Stocherkahnrennen.
Government
Tübingen is governed by the mayor, elected by citizens every eight years, and by the municipal council, elected by citizens every five years.[6] Boris Palmer, a former member of the Greens, is the mayor since 2007, re-elected in 2014 and 2022 and thus on his third term until 2030.[7]
Tübingen's council decided that the city should be climate-neutral by 2030.[8][9] In 2022, the city was the first in Germany to tax disposable food packaging.[10] Restaurants in Tübingen are charged 50 cents per disposable cup and cardboard bowl, and 20 cents per piece of cutlery.[11]
Regional structure
Tübingen is the capital of an eponymous district and an eponymous administrative region (Regierungsbezirk), before 1973 called Südwürttemberg-Hohenzollern.
Tübingen is, with nearby Reutlingen (about 15 km (9.3 mi) east), one of the two centre cities of the Neckar-Alb region.
Administratively, it is not part of the Stuttgart Region, bordering it to the north and west (Böblingen district). However, the city and northern parts of its district can be regarded as belonging to that region in a wider regional and cultural context.
Districts
Tübingen is divided into 22 districts, the city core of twelve districts (population of about 51,000) and ten outer districts (suburbs) (population of about 31,000):
Core city districts:
Outer districts:
- Ammerbuch
- Bebenhausen
- Bühl
- Derendingen
- Hagelloch
- Hirschau
- Kilchberg
- Pfrondorf
- Unterjesingen
- Weilheim, Baden-Württemberg
Culture
Tübingen has a notable arts culture as well as nightlife. In addition to the full roster of official and unofficial university events that range from presentations by the university's official poet in residence to parties hosted by the student associations of each faculty, the city can boast of several choirs, theatre companies and nightclubs. Also, Tübingen's Kunsthalle (art exhibition hall), on the "Wanne", houses two or three exhibits of international note each year.
Events
There are several festivals, open air markets and other events on a regular basis:
- January
- Arab Movie Festival Arabisches Filmfestival
- April
- Latin American Movie Festival CineLatino (usually in April or May)
- May
- Internationales Pianisten-Festival (international festival of pianists)
- Rock Festival Rock im Tunnel (usually in May or June)
- June
A Stocherkahn (punt) Stocherkahn boats during a race - Poled boat race (German: Stocherkahnrennen), second Thursday of June, 2pm, around the Neckar Island
- Ract!festival, an alternative open air festival for free with music performances and workshops
- Tübinger Wassermusik: concerts on Stocherkahn boats
- July
- Stadtfest: gastronomy and performances in the streets of the old town
- Tübinger Sommerinsel festival: various restaurants serving special meals and associations offering activities on the Neckar Island
- August
- Tübinger Orgelsommer: organ concerts in the Stiftskirche
- Sommerkonzerte in the former monastery of Bebenhausen (July-September)
- Kennen Sie Tübingen? (Do you know Tübingen?): special guided tours on Mondays July-September
- September
- Vielklang: classic music concerts at several locations
- Umbrisch-Provenzalischer Markt, open air market for Italian and French products from Umbria and Provence
- Tübinger Stadtlauf the city 10km race
- Retromotor oldtimer festival (usually second or third September weekend)
- October
- Jazz- und Klassiktage: jazz and classic music festival
- Kite festival Drachenfest on the Österberg hill (usually third Sunday in October)
- French movie festival Französische Filmtage
- November
- Terre de femmes movie festival FrauenWelten
- December
- Nikolauslauf half marathon outside Tübingen in the forest
- Die Feuerzangenbowle film and large amount of Feuerzangenbowle drink made in a public square
- Chocolate festival chocolART
- Christmas market
Population
Population development
Since World War II, Tübingen's population has almost doubled from about 45,000 to the current 88,000, also due to the incorporation of formerly independent villages into the city in the 1970s.
Currently, Lord Mayor Boris Palmer (Green Party) has set the ambitious goal of increasing the population of Tübingen to 100,000 within the next several years. To achieve this, the city is closing gaps between buildings within the city proper by allowing new houses to be built there; this is also to counter the tendency of urban sprawl and land consumption that has been endangering the preservation of rural landscapes of Southern Germany. [1]
Historical population
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Climate
Tübingen has an oceanic climate, Cfb in the Köppen climate classification.[12]
Climate data for Tübingen (1991-2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.3 (34.3) |
2.1 (35.8) |
5.8 (42.4) |
9.9 (49.8) |
14.0 (57.2) |
17.6 (63.7) |
19.3 (66.7) |
18.9 (66.0) |
14.5 (58.1) |
10.0 (50.0) |
5.1 (41.2) |
2.1 (35.8) |
10.0 (50.1) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 45.1 (1.78) |
39.8 (1.57) |
45.0 (1.77) |
44.2 (1.74) |
87.2 (3.43) |
83.1 (3.27) |
89.3 (3.52) |
78.4 (3.09) |
55.3 (2.18) |
58.2 (2.29) |
52.7 (2.07) |
52.1 (2.05) |
730.4 (28.76) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 60.8 | 86 | 137.4 | 181.6 | 204.8 | 222.3 | 240 | 225.2 | 166.5 | 113.1 | 65 | 51.7 | 1,754.4 |
Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst[13][14][15] |
Twin towns – sister cities
- Monthey, Switzerland (1959)
- Aix-en-Provence, France (1960)
- Kingersheim, France (1963)
- Ann Arbor, United States (1965)
- Durham, England, UK (1969)
- Aigle, Switzerland (1973)
- Kilchberg, Switzerland (1981)
- Perugia, Italy (1984)
- Petrozavodsk, Russia (1989)
- Villa El Salvador, Peru (2006)
- Moshi, Tanzania (2014)
For their commitment to their international partnership, the
Infrastructure
By plane: Tübingen is about 35 km (21.75 mi) from the Baden-Württemberg state airport (Landesflughafen Stuttgart, also called Stuttgart Airport).
By automobile: Tübingen is on the Bundesstraße 27 (a "federal road") that crosses through Baden-Württemberg, connecting the city with Würzburg, Heilbronn, Stuttgart and the Landesflughafen (Stuttgart Airport) to the north and Rottweil and Donaueschingen to the south.
By rail:
Local public transport: The city, due to its high student population, features an extensive public bus network with more than 20 lines connecting the city districts and places outside of Tübingen such as Ammerbuch, Gomaringen and Nagold. There are also several night bus lines in the early hours every day. A direct bus is available to Stuttgart Airport (via Leinfelden-Echterdingen) as well as to Böblingen and Reutlingen.
Sport
Tigers Tübingen are the city's only professional sports team, playing basketball.
Education
Higher education and research
The
Schools
More than 10,000 children and young adults in Tübingen regularly attend school. There are 30 schools in the city, some of which consist of more than one type of school. Of these, 17 are
Primary schools
- Freie Aktive Schule Tübingen
- Grundschule Innenstadt / Silcherschule
- Grundschule Weilheim
- Ludwig-Krapf-Schule
- Grundschule Hügelstraße
- Französische Schule
- Dorfackerschule Lustnau
- Grundschule Hirschau
- Grundschule Hechinger Eck
- Grundschule auf der Wanne
- Grundschule Aischbach
- Grundschule Winkelwiese / Waldhäuser Ost
- Grundschule Bühl
- Grundschule Bühl
- Grundschule Kilchberg
- Grundschule Hagelloch
- Grundschule Pfrondorf
- Grundschule Unterjesingen
Hauptschulen
- Dorfackerschule Lustnau
- Mörikeschule
- Geschwister-Scholl-Schule
- Hauptschule Innenstadt
Realschulen
- Walter-Erbe-Realschule
- Albert-Schweitzer-Realschule
- Geschwister-Scholl-Schule
Gymnasien
- Carlo-Schmid-Gymnasium
- Geschwister-Scholl-Schule
- Kepler-Gymnasium
- Uhland-Gymnasium
- Wildermuth-Gymnasium
- Freie Waldorfschule
Vocational schools (Berufsschulen)
- Gewerbliche Schule
- Wilhelm-Schickard-Schule
- Mathilde-Weber-Schule
- Bildungs- und Technologiezentrum
Notable people
- Primož Trubar (1508–1586), Protestant Reformer of the Lutheran tradition, lived and died here
- Christopher Besoldus (1577–1638), lawyer and publicist
- Johann Georg Gmelin (1709–1755), naturalist and botanist, explorer of Siberia
- Philipp Friedrich Gmelin (1721–1768), botanist and chemist
- Goethe and Schiller, industrial pioneer and politician
- Ferdinand Gottlieb von Gmelin (1782–1848), physician
- Ludwig Uhland (1787–1862), poet and philologist, lawyer and politician, a leading figure of the German revolutions of 1848–1849 as a member of national parliament, lived and died here
- Friedrich Silcher (1789–1860), composer, lived and died here
- Christian Gottlob Gmelin(1792–1860), chemist
- Hermann Hesse (1877–1962), poet, novelist and painter, worked here as a bookseller trainee in 1895–1899, later Nobel laureate for literature
- Ernst Fritz Schmid (1904–1960), musicologist and Mozart scholar
- Geoffrey Elton (1921–1994), political and historian
- Felicia Langer (1930–2018), attorney and human rights activist, lived and died here
- Helmut Haussmann (born 1943), academic and politician
- Hans-Peter Uhl (1944–2019), politician
- Hartmut Zinser (born 1944), scholar and religionist
- Eva Haule (born 1954), former leftist terrorist
- Dieter Baumann (born 1965), track and field athlete, Olympic winner, lives here
- Sigi Schmid (1953–2018), football coach
- Vera Wülfing-Leckie (1954–2021), homeopath and translator
- Matthias Untermann (born 1956), art historian and archaeologist
- Viola Vogel (born 1959), biophysicist and bioengineer
- Michael Theurer (born 1967), politician
- Despina Vandi (born 1969), singer
- Clemens Schick (born 1972), actor
- Boris Palmer (born 1972), current Lord Mayor
- Benjamin Heisenberg (born 1974), film director and screenwriter
- Sung Yu-ri (born 1981), actress
- Thilo Kehrer (born 1996), football player (national team)
- Amelie Berger (born 1999), handball player (national team)
Associated with the university
- Johann Reuchlin (1455–1522), Catholic humanist and scholar of Greek and Hebrew
- Philip Melanchthon (1497–1560), Lutheran reformer
- Johannes Kepler (1571–1630), astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer
- Wilhelm Schickard (1592–1635), professor of Hebrew and astronomy, inventor of the world's first mechanical calculator in 1623, lived and died here
- Rudolf Jakob Camerarius (1655–1721), botanist and professor, proved for the first time the sexual reproduction of plants
- Christoph Martin Wieland (1733–1813), classical writer of the Enlightenment
- J. G. Friedrich von Bohnenberger (1765–1835), pioneer of a modern geodesy, inventor of the gyroscope
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831), philosopher of Idealism, studied here
- Friedrich Hölderlin (1770–1843), poet and philosopher, studied, lived and died here
- Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (1775–1854), philosopher of Idealism, studied here
- Friedrich List (1789–1846), economist, university professor
- Ferdinand Christian Baur (1792–1860), Protestant theologian, lived and died here
- Immanuel Hermann Fichte (1796–1879), philosopher, held a chair of philosophy at the university
- Wilhelm Hauff (1802–1827), writer of the early Romantic period
- Eduard Mörike (1804–1875), Lutheran pastor, poet and writer of the Romantic period
- David Strauss (1808–1874), Protestant theologian and writer
- Georg Herwegh (1817–1875), poet, revolutionist
- Felix Hoppe-Seyler (1825–1895), principal founder of the disciplines of biochemistry and molecular biology, discoverer of the blood pigment hemoglobin
- Lothar Meyer (1830–1895), chemist, one of the founders of the periodic table of chemical elements alongside Dmitri Mendeleev
- Friedrich Miescher (1844–1895), physician and biologist, discoverer of the nucleic acid as a precondition for the identification of DNA
- Ferdinand Braun(1850–1918), inventor, professor, later Nobel laureate for physics
- Carl Correns (1864–1933), botanist and geneticist
- Alois Alzheimer (1864–1915), psychiatrist and neuropathologist
- Gerhard Anschütz (1867–1948), jurisprudent
- Albert Schweitzer (1875–1965), theologian, writer, humanitarian, philosopher and physician, Nobel laureate for peace
- Ernst Bloch (1885–1977), philosopher, lived and died here
- linguist, lived and died here
- Kurt Georg Kiesinger (1904–1988), politician, Chancellor of Germany 1966-69, lived and died here
- Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–1945), Lutheran theologian and pastor, anti-Nazi-dissident, studied here
- Hans Mayer (1907–2001), literary scholar and critic, lived and died here
- Walter Jens (1923–2013), philologist, writer and university professor of rhetoric, lived and died here
- Martin Walser (1927–2023), writer, studied here
- Pope Benedict XVI (1927–2022), held a chair of dogmatic theology at the university 1966-69
- Foundation for a Global Ethic(Stiftung Weltethos), lived and died here
- Ralf Dahrendorf (1929–2009), held a chair of sociology
- Manfred Korfmann (1942–2005), archeologist and professor, excavator of ancient Troy
- Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (born 1942), developmental biologist and Nobel laureate, lives here
- Horst Köhler (born 1943), politician, President of Germany 2004–2010
See also
- Deutsch-Amerikanisches Institut Tübingen
- Tübingen Tarock, a form of Tarot game from Tübingen
References
- ^ Oberbürgermeisterwahl Tübingen 2022, Staatsanzeiger.
- Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg. June 2023.
- ^ "On student statistics, see here".
- ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
- ISSN 0174-4909. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
- ^ "Politik und Gremien". www.tuebingen.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-06-09.
- ^ "Oberbürgermeister". www.tuebingen.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-06-09.
- ^ "Tübingen klimaneutral 2030". www.tuebingen.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-06-09.
- ^ Klimaschutzprogramm 2020 bis 2030 für die Zielsetzung "Tübingen klimaneutral 2030" (PDF) (in German). Universitätsstadt Tübingen. Stabsstelle Umwelt- und Klimaschutz. 2022.
- ^ "German Federal Administrative Court confirms legality of local packaging tax in city of Tübingen". globaltaxnews.ey.com. Retrieved 2023-06-09.
- ISSN 2195-1349. Retrieved 2023-06-09.
- ^ "Tübingen Climate (Germany)". Climate Data. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ^ "Lufttemperatur: vieljährige Mittelwerte 1991 - 2020" [Air Temperature: Long-term averages for 1991-2020]. dwd.de (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ "Niederschlag: vieljährige Mittelwerte 1991 - 2020" [Precipitation: Long-term averages for 1991-2020]. dwd.de (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
- ^ "Sonnenscheindauer: vieljährige Mittelwerte 1991 - 2020" [Sunshine: Long-term averages for 1991-2020]. dwd.de (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ "Partnerstädte". tuebingen.de (in German). Tübingen. Retrieved 2021-03-17.
- ^ "Sister Cities". Universitätsstadt Tübingen. Archived from the original on 17 April 2009.
External links
- Official website (in German)
- Eberhard Karls University (in German and English)