Josephine Balsamo

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Josephine Balsamo (a.k.a. Countess Cagliostro) is a fictional character who is the best known antagonist of Arsène Lupin, the notorious gentleman burglar created by Maurice Leblanc.

History

Josephine Balsamo claims to be Joséphine Pellegrini, born on 29 July 1788 in Palermo, from the notorious Joseph Balsamo, a.k.a. Alessandro Cagliostro, and Joséphine Tascher de la Pagerie, the maiden name of Joséphine de Beauharnais, the future wife of Napoleon. She allegedly somehow achieved eternal youth. Lupin, however, theorizes that this may be nothing more than a ruse, and that she is actually the granddaughter of the first Joséphine Balsamo, who might not be related to Joseph Balsamo at all.

In 1894, a 20-year-old Arsène Lupin came face-to-face with, and eventually became the lover of, Joséphine Balsamo, who had already heard of him and of his reputation. From her, young Lupin learned the four secrets of Queen Marie Antoinette and Cagliostro: 1) ALCOR, or the Seven-Armed Candlestick; 2) The Hollow Needle; 3) The God-Stone of the King of Bohemia; and 4) In Robore Fortuna.

In 1899, after the death in childbirth of Clarisse d'Etigues, Lupin's wife, the baby son, Jean, was kidnapped by men working for Joséphine Balsamo.

In 1918, Joséphine Balsamo died in Corsica, but not without having put in motion a diabolical plan of revenge.

In 1924, Lupin finally stumbled upon his son Jean, now called Felicien Charles, who had been framed for a crime he did not commit, then was pitted against his father by Joséphine's former henchmen. In the end, Lupin saved his son, but did not tell him that he was his father.

Speculation

From that union was born a daughter, Joséphine Balsamo II, who led a criminal career under the alias of Félina de Cambure, whose exploits were recorded in the eponymous work by Frédéric Soulié.

Joséphine II (Félina) in turn had a liaison with Roland Richmond de Valgeneuse, a.k.a. Salvator, whose exploits were recorded by Alexandre Dumas in Les Mohicans de Paris.

Roland and Joséphine II had twins: Joseph, who was adopted as Joseph Fippart and grew up to become the notorious Rocambole, and Joséphine III. Scholar Rick Lai has theorized that Joséphine III was killed by a gangster working for Théophraste Lupin, Arsène Lupin's father.

As for the identity of the father of Joséphine IV — the one who fought Arsène Lupin — some claim it was