Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug First Nation
Kitchenuhmaykoosib Aaki 84
ᑭᐦᒋᓇᒣᑯᐦᓯᑊ ᐃᓂᓂᐧᐊᐠ | ||
---|---|---|
Kitchenuhmaykoosib Aaki (Big Trout Lake) Indian Reserve No. 84 | ||
District Kenora | | |
First Nation | Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug | |
Area | ||
• Land | 289.96 km2 (111.95 sq mi) | |
Population (2016)[1] | ||
• Total | 1,024 | |
• Density | 2.8/km2 (7/sq mi) | |
Website | www.bigtroutlake.firstnation.ca |
Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug (Oji-Cree: ᑭᐦᒋᓇᒣᑯᐦᓯᑊ ᐃᓂᓂᐧᐊᐠ (Gichi-namegosib ininiwag); unpointed: ᑭᒋᓇᒣᑯᓯᑊ ᐃᓂᓂᐧᐊᐠ or ᑭᐦᒋᓇᒣᑯᐦᓯᐱᐎᓂᓂᐗᐠ (Gichi-namegosibiwininiwag); unpointed: ᑭᒋᓇᒣᑯᓯᐱᐎᓂᓂᐗᐠ), also known as Big Trout Lake First Nation or KI for short, is an Oji-Cree First Nation reserve in Northwestern Ontario and is a part of Treaty 9 (James Bay). The community is about 580 km (360 mi) north of Thunder Bay, Ontario.
The First Nation's land-base is a 29,937.6 ha (73,976.38 acre) Kitchenuhmaykoosib Aaki 84 Reserve, located on the north shore of
Background
The population of Big Trout Lake was 1,322 residents in January 2007, making it one of the largest First Nations communities in the region.
The current band chief is Donny Morris and deputy chief is Darryl Sainnawap. Current band councillors are Cecelia Begg, Joseph Mckay, Enos Mckay, Randy Nanokeesic, Bonnie Sanderson and Jack Mckay.
The people speak Oji-Cree (Anishininiimowin, Severn Ojibwe or Northern Ojibway) and English
When
Marion Anderson, who became a band councillor for Big Trout Lake in 1950, was the first woman ever to serve as a First Nations band councillor in Ontario. She was later awarded the Order of Ontario in honour of this distinction.
The band's website describes three locally owned stores serving the community supplying groceries, clothing, fuel, and various other supplies. The community relies heavily on these businesses as The North West Company, a store frequently found with northern operations, was asked to leave by the community in 1996. The community felt that they would be better off keeping the business locally owned and operated. A post office and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce Agency Bank are also located in the community. There is one band-run community radio station, 100.3 FM, which broadcasts everything from public health announcements, Sunday mass, and rebroadcasts the Wawatay Native Communications Society from Sioux Lookout, Ontario.
The First Nation is policed by Big Trout Lake Police which is a force administered by the Ontario Provincial Police (OPP). There are only 19 First Nations in Ontario who operate with this agreement and only four in North-Western Ontario. The remainder are policed directly by the OPP or by the Nishnawbe-Aski Police Service.[2]
There are water pumping stations providing underground running water to homes on the island while those living on the mainland are serviced by water tanker trucks. There is also underground sewage piping with two lagoons at the west end of the island. The school, teacherages, and Post Island houses are the only structures supplied by underground sewage, the remainder of the community is serviced by a sewage truck.[3]
The community is a fly-in reservation with regularly scheduled flights by Wasaya Airways. The Big Trout Lake Airport has a gravel airstrip that is 1,191 metres (3,907 ft) in length. During the winter months, the community is accessible by winter road to Pickle Lake which is serviced by Ontario Highway 599, the northernmost highway in the province.
Healthcare was traditionally provided by the Hudson's Bay Company post master who would dispense medication etc. The first nursing station was constructed in 1938, funded entirely by Reverend Leslie Garrett. The two-storey building was 36 x 12; it included the electric light powered by a wind-turbine and battery storage.
History
The first recorded European trader was James Swain who, in 1807, was charged with establishing a trading post at "Trout Lake" for the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC). Upon entering the area he noticed the ruins of a settlement left by the rival North West Company who possibly settled as early as 1793;[5] though it was left apparently disused.
The community is predominantly
Built in 1830,
In 1940, a weather station was constructed and included hourly observations which were transmitted to the department of transport. In 1952 the station was enlarged and had a staff of six people. The building is now used as the Health Administration office.
The first regular communications with the outside world occurred with the "radio sked" which were regular communications between the weather station and the
The KSI was sued by Platinex Incorporated over an interim order preventing it from exploring. The decision was released May 22, 2007. The court issued three orders: a consultation protocol, a timetable and an MOU on the KI, Platinex and Ontario. The Ontario Superior Court held that appropriate consultation funding was necessary and that it would continue to supervise and facilitate the consultation process. The KI's position had been that "the serious imbalance between the fiscal position(s) of the parties renders the consultation process unfair." No specific finding on funding levels was made, but adequacy of funding was found to be assessable in the consultation process. Implications for other consultation processes remain uncertain.[6]
In 2008, six leaders of the community (Chief Donny Morris, Jack McKay, Sam McKay, Darryl Sainnawap, Cecilia Begg and Bruce Sakakeep) were imprisoned for peacefully protesting development on their traditional land by Platinex.[7] A sacred fire consecrated in front of the Thunder Bay jail which held them was extinguished by police on March 19, 2008. Some members spoke out about this alleged violation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and suppression of traditional ceremony.[8] Several members of KI and surrounding nations protested their leaders' imprisonment by walking all the way from Kenora, Ontario to Toronto, Ontario. The leaders were given temporary parole to appear at the protest at Queen's Park on May 26, and were permanently freed by the Ontario Court of Appeal two days later.
In 2012, Chief Donny Morris and his wife were invited to New Zealand for a speaking tour discussing their experience with Platinex and the Government of Ontario.
Climate
Climate data for Big Trout Lake | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high humidex | 2.4 | 6.9 | 10.2 | 23.2 | 32.5 | 34.0 | 44.0 | 39.9 | 34.1 | 25.4 | 11.1 | 4.5 | 44.0 |
Record high °C (°F) | 1.9 (35.4) |
7.7 (45.9) |
12.2 (54.0) |
24.4 (75.9) |
32.4 (90.3) |
31.7 (89.1) |
35.6 (96.1) |
32.9 (91.2) |
30.6 (87.1) |
24.4 (75.9) |
12.2 (54.0) |
4.7 (40.5) |
35.6 (96.1) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −18.5 (−1.3) |
−14.2 (6.4) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
3.2 (37.8) |
12.0 (53.6) |
17.4 (63.3) |
21.2 (70.2) |
19.5 (67.1) |
11.7 (53.1) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−15.7 (3.7) |
2.5 (36.5) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −23.7 (−10.7) |
−20.5 (−4.9) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
5.9 (42.6) |
12.0 (53.6) |
16.2 (61.2) |
14.8 (58.6) |
7.9 (46.2) |
1.3 (34.3) |
−9.1 (15.6) |
−20.3 (−4.5) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −29 (−20) |
−26.7 (−16.1) |
−20.8 (−5.4) |
−9.4 (15.1) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
6.6 (43.9) |
11.2 (52.2) |
10.2 (50.4) |
4.0 (39.2) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
−24.9 (−12.8) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
Record low °C (°F) | −47.8 (−54.0) |
−46.7 (−52.1) |
−42.2 (−44.0) |
−32.8 (−27.0) |
−20.6 (−5.1) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−19.3 (−2.7) |
−36 (−33) |
−44.4 (−47.9) |
−47.8 (−54.0) |
Record low wind chill | −60.3 | −59.0 | −50.5 | −38.6 | −30.4 | −11.2 | −6.0 | −5.5 | −17.7 | −25.0 | −47.0 | −55.8 | −60.3 |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 23.0 (0.91) |
20.6 (0.81) |
27.9 (1.10) |
32.2 (1.27) |
37.8 (1.49) |
74.3 (2.93) |
90.9 (3.58) |
87.8 (3.46) |
83.0 (3.27) |
52.7 (2.07) |
50.1 (1.97) |
28.8 (1.13) |
609.1 (23.98) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0 (0) |
0 (0) |
2.2 (0.09) |
12.0 (0.47) |
27.8 (1.09) |
70.8 (2.79) |
90.9 (3.58) |
87.8 (3.46) |
73.8 (2.91) |
27.6 (1.09) |
4.6 (0.18) |
1.0 (0.04) |
398.5 (15.69) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 26.0 (10.2) |
22.6 (8.9) |
28.2 (11.1) |
21.3 (8.4) |
10.4 (4.1) |
3.4 (1.3) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
9.3 (3.7) |
25.9 (10.2) |
48.4 (19.1) |
31.7 (12.5) |
227.2 (89.4) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 13.8 | 12.1 | 11.2 | 9.1 | 10.4 | 14.1 | 15.2 | 14.6 | 16.1 | 14.9 | 17.4 | 16.4 | 165.3 |
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.73 | 3.3 | 8.3 | 13.7 | 15.1 | 14.6 | 15.1 | 8.4 | 2.1 | 0.48 | 82.0 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 14.0 | 12.1 | 10.9 | 6.9 | 4.0 | 1.2 | 0.05 | 0 | 2.7 | 9.3 | 17.0 | 16.4 | 94.4 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
77.0 | 74.2 | 68.6 | 60.4 | 53.8 | 56.5 | 57.4 | 61.0 | 66.2 | 74.2 | 80.2 | 79.8 | 67.4 |
Source: Environment Canada[9] |
References
- ^ 2016 Census of Population. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
- ^ OPP Aboriginal Policing
- ^ "KI First Nation". Archived from the original on 2012-04-15. Retrieved 2012-07-19.
- ^ KI
- ^ Ontario Department of Mines. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2008-06-02.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Platinex suite - ^ "Bill C-51: First Nation chief worries 'lives will be lost' | CBC News".
- SooToday.com, 20 March 2008.
- ^ Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000, Environment Canada. Retrieved 23 September 2012.