Koog
A koog (plural: köge) or groden is a type of
Etymology
Unlike the meaning in modern German,
Polders
In the Netherlands and in the adjacent regions of East Frisia the word polder (Low German: Poller) is used for land enclosed by embankments from where the water is artificially drained. The etymology of the word polder/poller is unclear but it is probably related to English pool.[3]
Groden
The term groden (c.f. the English verb "to grow") used in
The name groden is found for example in the borough of Wilhelmshaven in the villages of Altengroden, Neuengroden and Fedderwardergroden, the Heppenser, Voslapper and Rüstersieler Groden, and in the surrounding area are the Cäciliengroden, Petersgroden and Adelheidsgroden. All these areas, whether they emerged more recently (i.e. in the 20th century) or in older times, were formed as a result of dyke enclosure and Aufspülung, as is often the case with polders.
- → See also salt marsh
Drainage
Because a koog often lies below the level of the adjacent sea or river, it has to be continually drained. This is carried out with the aid of
Today the pumps are powered by engines, in pre-industrial times and sometimes even into the period of intense industrialisation, they were driven by
Riparian köge
As well land reclaimed from the sea, a koog may also refer to land reclaimed alongside rivers. These are usually wet areas that are now used for agriculture. This entails creating a completely new ecosystem from a river meadow or a carr. Often its name will recall its original situation, for example, the Oderbruch.
On the
Until the 1950s, köge were mainly created to reclaim land for farming; since then coastal defence has been the main aim.
North German köge
On the western coast of Schleswig-Holstein and on the shores of the Lower Elbe over 230 koogs have been created over the centuries. The oldest ones are in the borough of Eiderstedt; they date to the 11th century.[5] After the Burchardi flood of 1634, an increasing number of "octroi" koogs were built.
Well known koogs include:
- County of Dithmarschen
- Christianskoog
- Delver Koog
- Dieksanderkoog (formerly Adolf Hitler Koog)
- Friedrichsgabekoog
- Friedrichskoog
- Hedwigenkoog
- Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog
- Karolinenkoog
- Kronprinzenkoog
- Neufelderkoog
- Preiler Koog
- Speicherkoog in the Bay of Meldorf
- Wesselburenerkoog
- Westerkoog
- County of Nordfriesland
- Augustenkoog
- Beltringharder Koog
- Hauke-Haien-Koog (named after the lead character of the novella The Rider on the White Horse by Theodor Storm)
- Friedrich-Wilhelm-Lübke-Koog – in 1954 the last koog reclaimed for settlement in Schleswig-Holstein.
- Gotteskoog
- Tümlauer-Koog (formerly Hermann Göring Koog)
- Norderheverkoog (formerly Horst Wessel Koog)
- Bottschlotter Koog (Dagebüll)
- Kleiseerkoog (Galmsbüll)
- Herrenkoog
- Former island of Nordstrand
- Elisabeth-Sophien-Koog
- Alter Koog
- Osterkoog
- Trendermarschkoog
- Neukoog
- Morsumkoog
- Pohnshalligkoog
- Municipality of Reußenköge
- County of Pinneberg
- Hetlinger Neuerkoog
Literature
- Harry Kunz, Albert Panten: Die Köge Nordfrieslands. Mit Karte. Nordfriisk Instituut, Bräist/Bredstedt, 1997, ISBN 3-88007-251-5(Nordfriisk Instituut 144).
External links
References
- ^ Koog at etymologiebank.nl
- ^ Friedrich Kluge: Etymologisches Wörterbuch. De Gruyter, Berlin 1975, Lemma Kog.
- ^ Polder at etymologiebank.nl
- ^ Klimapfad Sande, Seite 22 Archived 2015-12-15 at the Wayback Machine (pdf; 1.5 MB), retrieved 20 May 2013
- ^ a b Klaus-Joachim Lorenzen-Schmidt, Ortwin Pelc: Schleswig-Holstein Lexikon. Wachholtz, Neumunster, 2006, Lemma Koog.