Kuhmo
Kuhmo | |
---|---|
Town | |
Kuhmon kaupunki Kuhmo stad | |
Population by age | |
• 0 to 14 | 10.8% |
• 15 to 64 | 51.5% |
• 65 or older | 37.6% |
Time zone | UTC+02:00 (EET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+03:00 (EEST) |
Website | www.kuhmo.fi |
Kuhmo (known as Kuhmoniemi until 1937)
Kuhmo's eastern border is located at a drainage divider, and the town area is within the drainage basin of Oulujärvi.
The municipality is unilingually Finnish.
History
The first inhabitants arrived in Kuhmo after the last
In the Treaty of Nöteborg, the settlement between Sweden and the Novgorod Republic on August 12, 1323, the Kuhmo area belonged to Novgorod. Yet hunters and tax collectors kept on penetrating to the area from west. Swedish interest was to push the border further east.[citation needed]
Permanent habitation settled to the area after
In 1809, Finland was annexed from Sweden to the Russian Empire as the Grand Duchy of Finland. For merchants from Karelia and Russia, Kuhmo became a trade route and a place to sell their goods. As a memorial of those merchants, on the market of Kuhmo there stands the statue “Laukunkantaja” (in English, "The Bag Bearer"). In this era, Elias Lönnrot, compiler of the Finnish National Epic Kalevala made his poem-collecting trips via Kuhmo to Karelia. Lönnrot made some of the editing in Kuhmo. Reconstruction of the hut where he has staying can be seen in the Kalevala village. Publishing Kalevala in 1835 fueled birth of Karelianism, which became a major trend in culture spheres towards the end of 19th century. Akseli Gallen-Kallela, who is considered one of the founders of Karelianism, spent his honeymoon in Kuhmo. During their stay Gallen-Kallela painted some of his works at Lapinsalmi, lake Lentua. Scenery to lake Lentua based the background of the middle picture in his work Aino triptych.
During the 19th century
The village of Jonkeri and its surroundings near Lake Jonkeri were transferred from Nurmeksen maalaiskunta to Kuhmo in 1903.[7]
The
Geography
By area the municipality is the second largest in
The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry has set Kuhmo as a part of Eastern Finland´s stable bear population area. According to the plan, the population density of bears in this area will be maintained higher than in the rest of the country. The wolf population is also dense by comparison to the rest of the country. In consequence, the number of reindeer has decreased lately.
The topography is made up of low hills, of which the most significant are near the Russian frontier on the eastern side. To the south, Kuhmo is bordered by North Karelia.
Several nature reserves have been founded in Kuhmo for the protection of the frontier wilderness. Forest administration maintains several hiking routes on the reserves and almost all are accessible to the public.
Districts and villages
Districts:
- Akonlahti
- Hankaranta
- Jaurakko
- Kalevala
- Kanninlampi
- Kantola
- Keitaala
- Kontio
- Korkeamäki
- Kuhmoniemi
- Levälahti
- Pajakka
- Piilola
- Saarikoski
- Sormula
- Suvanto
Villages:
- Haukela
- Hietaperä
- Härmänkylä
- Hukkajärvi
- Iivantiira
- Jonkeri
- Juonto
- Juttua
- Jyrkkä
- Jämäs
- Kalliojoki
- Katerma
- Kattilakoski
- Kiekinkoski
- Kivikiekki
- Korpisalmi
- Kuumu
- Kuusamonkylä
- Lammasperä
- Lauvuskylä
- Lentiira
- Lentua
- Niemiskylä
- Niva
- Saunajärvi
- Timoniemi
- Rasti
- Seilonen
- Sylväjä
- Vartius
- Vepsä
- Vieksi
- Viiksimo
- Vuosanka
- Ypykkävaara
Rimpi
Rimpi is a former village near the Russian border, nowadays officially a part of Vartius. Traditionally inhabited by Karelian Orthodox Christians, Rimpi was one of three Karelian-speaking villages in Kainuu, the other two being Kuivajärvi and Hietajärvi in Suomussalmi. The village was destroyed in the Winter War and later rebuilt, however Finnish authorities did not allow the inhabitants to build Karelian-type houses. By the early 1980s, it no longer had permanent inhabitants. New people moved there permanently in 1991.
Rimpi was home to Eljas Ahtonen, who was the model for Väinämöinen in Akseli Gallen-Kallela's painting Aino-taru. [8]
Culture
Kuhmo is well known for its Kuhmo Chamber Music Festival which is held annually. The festival was founded in 1970 by cellist Seppo Kimanen and a small group of friends. A book on this subject was published in 2006.[9]
Sights
- Kuhmo Arts Centre
- Kalevala Village
- Juminkeko – The Information Center for the Kalevala and Karelian Culture.[10]
- Petola Visitor Centre
Notable people
- K. J. Ståhlberg[citation needed]
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Kuhmo is
- Kostamus, Russia
- Oroszlány, Hungary
- Robertsfors, Sweden
- Šaľa, Slovakia
See also
References
- ^ a b "Area of Finnish Municipalities 1.1.2018" (PDF). National Land Survey of Finland. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
- ^ ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
- ISSN 1797-5395. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
- ^ "Population according to age (1-year) and sex by area and the regional division of each statistical reference year, 2003–2020". StatFin. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
- ^ a b "Luettelo kuntien ja seurakuntien tuloveroprosenteista vuonna 2023". Tax Administration of Finland. 14 November 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
- ^ Kuhmo – kulttuuri- ja erämaakaupunki Archived 2007-03-22 at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish)
- ^ "Jonkeri / Kainuunnuotta". kainuunnuotta.net (in Finnish). Retrieved 22 December 2022.
- ^ "Rimpi". asp.juminkeko.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 16 August 2022.
- ISBN 978-952-92-0564-6.
- ^ "Juminkeko – The Information Center for the Kalevala and Karelian Culture". Juminkeko.fi. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
External links
- Media related to Kuhmo at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website
- Kuhmo Chamber Music Festival
- Many links and much information about Kuhmo's services