Lý Thái Tông
Lý Thái Tông 李太宗 | |||||||||||||||||
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Emperor of Đại Cồ Việt | |||||||||||||||||
Reign | 1 April 1028 – 3 November 1054 (26 years, 216 days) | ||||||||||||||||
Predecessor | Lý Thái Tổ | ||||||||||||||||
Successor | Lý Thánh Tông | ||||||||||||||||
Emperor of the Lý dynasty | |||||||||||||||||
Reign | 1/4/1028–3/11/1054 | ||||||||||||||||
Predecessor | Lý Thái Tổ | ||||||||||||||||
Successor | Lý Thánh Tông | ||||||||||||||||
Born | Duyên Ninh pagoda, Ninh Bình province | 29 July 1000||||||||||||||||
Died | 3 November 1054 Thăng Long, Đại Cồ Việt | (aged 54)||||||||||||||||
Burial | Thọ Tomb | ||||||||||||||||
Spouse | Empress Linh Cảm (Mai thị) (靈感皇后枚氏). Vương hoàng hậu (王皇后). Đinh hoàng hậu (丁皇后). Thiên Cảm hoàng hậu (天感皇后). | ||||||||||||||||
Issue | Crown prince Lý Nhật Tôn as emperor Lý Thánh Tông Prince of Phụng Càn Lý Nhật Trung Princess Bình Dương Princess Trường Ninh Princess Kim Thành | ||||||||||||||||
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House | Lý | ||||||||||||||||
Father | Lý Thái Tổ | ||||||||||||||||
Mother | Empress Linh Hiển | ||||||||||||||||
Religion | Buddhism |
Temple name | |
Vietnamese alphabet | Lý Thái Tông |
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Chữ Hán | 李太宗 |
Personal name | |
Vietnamese alphabet | Lý Phật Mã |
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Chữ Hán | 李佛瑪 |
Lý Thái Tông (chữ Hán: 李太宗; 29 July 1000 – 3 November 1054), personal name Lý Phật Mã, posthumously temple name Thái Tông, was the second emperor of the Lý dynasty, ruled Đại Việt from 1028 to 1054. He was considered the most successive Vietnamese emperor since the tenth century.[1]
Early life
Lý Phật Mã was born in 1000 in
Reign
Lý Phật Mã ascended the throne in 1028. At the beginning of his reign, Thái Tông relied mostly on his father's officers to put down an uprising by two of his brothers contesting his accession, and personally led an expedition against a third rebellious brother at Hoa Lư.[3] When his rule became more secure, Thái Tông started to demonstrate his unconventional style of governing. He promoted one of his favorite
Religious activities
Lý Phật Mã was a devout Mahayana Buddhist since youth age. In 1040 he ordered silversmiths to decorate more than 1,000 statues and more than 1,000 paintings of Buddha.[11] Thái Tông engaged with the Buddhist community more directly than did his father. Interacting with a variety of monks, he sought to honoured their varied opinions, including those emanating from India and China. At one point, the king held an vegetarian feast and state:
I have noticed that scholars have disputed with mind-source of the Buddhas and the patriarchs. I wish that each your here, men of eminent virtue from various districts, would express his point of view to me so that I could see how to apply mind.
Huệ Sinh, a monk of distinguished local family whom the king had brought from a mountain north into the capital, made this reply in verse:
- Dharma is originally like non-Dharma
- Neither existent nor non-existent
- If one knows the truth,
- The sentient beings and Buddha are one.
- How great the Moon over Lanka!
- Empty, empty, the boat that crosses the ocean
- If one knows emptiness, by mean of
- that emptiness one realizes being,
- Free to go everywhere in samadhi.
Thái Tông followed the monk's view, and Huệ Sinh became the court teacher.[12] In the process, this monk composed inscriptions for a number of major temples in Tiên Du and Vũ Ninh areas north of the capital (which none of these temples survived). Thái Tông also brought the spirit cults into the capital. He was particularly close to the cult of the spirit of the Mountain of Bronze Drum from the southern territory of the Viet mandala. In front of this spirit, the king had courtiers swear their yearly blood oath of allegiance.[13]
Family
- Parents
- Lý Công Uẩn(974 – 1028), founder of the house
- Empress Lập Giáo (981 – ?)
- Consorts
- Queen Kim Thiên (金天皇后)
- Queen Vương (王皇后)
- Queen Đinh (丁皇后)
- Queen Dương (天感皇后)
- Children
- Lý Nhật Tôn (李日尊, 1023 – 1072), first son
- Lý Nhật Trung, Prince of Phụng Càn (李日中, 奉乾王), second son
- Princess Bình Dương (平陽公主)
- Princess Trường Ninh (长宁公主)
- Princess Kim Thành (慶城公主)
Ancestry
Ancestry of King Lý Thái Tông | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References
Citations
- ^ a b Tarling 1999, p. 143.
- ^ a b Kiernan 2019, p. 153.
- ^ a b c Tarling 1999, p. 141.
- ^ Kiernan 2019, p. 155.
- ^ Tarling 1999, p. 142.
- ^ a b Anderson 2012, p. 7.
- ^ Kiernan 2019, p. 156.
- ^ Maspero 2002, p. 60.
- ^ Miksic & Yian 2016, p. 435.
- ^ Kiernan 2019, p. 151.
- ^ Miksic & Yian 2016, p. 431.
- ^ Whitmore 2015, p. 287.
- ^ Whitmore 2015, p. 288.
Sources
- Anderson, James A. (2012). The Rebel Den of Nung Tri Cao: loyalty and identity along the Sino-Vietnamese frontier. University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-80077-6.
- Kiernan, Ben (2019). Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present. ISBN 9780190053796.
- Maspero, Georges (2002). The Champa Kingdom. White Lotus Co., Ltd. ISBN 978-9747534993.
- ISBN 978-1-317-27903-7.
- Tarling, Nicholas (1999). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia: Volume 1, From Early Times to c.1800. ISBN 9780521663724.
- Whitmore, John K. (1986), ""Elephants Can Actually Swim": Contemporary Chinese Views of Late Ly Dai Viet", in Milner, Anthony Crothers; Marr, David G. (eds.), Southeast Asia in the 9th to 14th Centuries, Cambridge: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, pp. 117–137, ISBN 978-9-971-98839-5
- Whitmore, John K. (2015), "Building a Buddhist monarchy in Dai Viet: Temples and texts under Ly Nhan Tong (1072-1127)", in Lammerts, Dietrich Christian (ed.), Buddhist Dynamics in Premodern and Early Modern Southeast Asia, ISEAS Publishing, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, pp. 283–306, ISBN 978-9-814-51906-9
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