Land cover
Land cover is the physical material at the surface of Earth. Land covers include
There are two primary methods for capturing information on land cover: field survey, and analysis of remotely sensed imagery.[3] Land change models can be built from these types of data to assess changes in land cover over time.
One of the major land cover issues (as with all
Distinction from "land use"
"Land cover" is distinct from "
Types
Following table is Land Cover statistics by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) with 14 classes.
FAO code | type[10] | 1992 | 2001 | 2015 | share | change fm 92 | note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[6970] | Artificial surfaces (including urban and associated areas) | 26.04 | 34.33 | 55.40 | 0.37% | 29.35 | |
[6971] | Herbaceous crops | 1,716.22 | 1,749.58 | 1,712.15 | 11.50% | -4.06 | Arable land |
[6972] | Woody crops | 162.86 | 181.32 | 199.90 | 1.34% | 37.04 | Arable land |
[6973] | Multiple or layered crops | Arable land | |||||
[6974] | Tree-covered areas | 4,434.92 | 4,393.70 | 4,335.00 | 29.11% | -99.93 | large decrease |
[6975] | Mangroves | 18.06 | 18.39 | 18.74 | 0.13% | 0.67 | |
[6976] | Shrub-covered areas | 1,685.00 | 1,669.65 | 1,627.34 | 10.93% | -57.66 | large decrease |
[6977] | Shrubs and/or herbaceous vegetation, aquatic or regularly flooded | 202.61 | 194.77 | 185.39 | 1.24% | -17.23 | |
[6978] | Sparsely natural vegetated areas | 891.78 | 878.69 | 868.07 | 5.83% | -23.71 | |
[6979] | Terrestrial barren land | 2,001.25 | 2,000.87 | 1,884.00 | 12.65% | -117.25 | large decrease |
[6980] | Permanent snow and glaciers | 78.59 | 84.32 | 84.29 | 0.57% | 5.70 | |
[6981] | Inland water bodies | 432.60 | 435.00 | 444.57 | 2.98% | 11.97 | |
[6982] | Coastal water bodies and intertidal areas | ||||||
[6983] | Grassland | 1,793.65 | 1,806.50 | 1,801.14 | 12.09% | 7.50 | |
Total Land Mass | 14,893.91 | 100% |
Mapping
Land cover change detection using remote sensing and geospatial data provides baseline information for assessing the climate change impacts on habitats and biodiversity, as well as natural resources, in the target areas. Land cover change detection and mapping is a key component of interdisciplinary
- Application of land cover mapping
- Local and regional planning
- Disaster management
- Vulnerability and Risk Assessments
- Ecological management
- Monitoring the effects of climate change
- Wildlife management.
- Alternative landscape futures and conservation
- Environmental forecasting
- Environmental impact assessment
- Policy development
See also
References
- ^ Makers of American Botany, Harry Baker Humphrey, Ronald Press Company, Library of Congress Card Number 61-18435
- ^ "Susitna MOA Earth Cover Classification" (PDF). BlM-Alaska Technical Report 44. Bureau of Land Management. September 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ISSN 0098-3004.
- ^ Horning, Ned; Robinson, Julie A .; Sterling, Eleanor J.; Turner, Woody; Spector, Sacha (2010). "Measuring and Monitoring Land Cover, Land use, and Vegetation Characteristics". Remote Sensing for Ecology and Conservation: A Handbook of Techniques. Oxford University Press.
- ^ Fisher, P., Comber, A. and Wadsworth, R.. 2005. Land Use and Land Cover: Contradiction or Complement. In Fisher, P. and Unwin, D. (Eds.). Re-Presenting GIS. John Wiley & Sons. https://www.wiley.com/en-ca/Re+Presenting+GIS+-p-9780470848470
- ^ The IGBP Land Cover Classification
- ^ The Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC) MODIS/Terra Land Cover Types Yearly L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG (MOD12C1)
- ^ values are from CCI_LC(Climate Change Initiative Land Cover) by European Space Agency
- ^ FAO Dataset Information: Land Cover Title Abstract Supplemental see Table 1. SEEA CF/AFF land cover classes and corresponding LCC classifiers, page 2,3,4
- PMID 25181944.
Further reading
- Comber, Lex; et al. (2005). "What Is Land Cover?" (PDF). S2CID 15627657.
- Di Gregorio, Antonio; Jansen, Louisa J.M. (2000). "Land Cover Classification System: Classification Concepts and User Manual". Food and Agriculture Organization.
- Fisher, Pete; et al. (2005). "Land use and Land cover: Contradiction or Complement" (PDF). In Fisher, Peter; Unwin, David (eds.). Re-Presenting GIS. Chichester: Wiley. pp. 85–98.
- Ivan Balenovic; et al. (2015). "Quality assessment of high density digital surface model over different land cover classes".PERIODICUM BIOLOGORUM. VOL. 117, No 4, pp. 459–470, 2015