Large-group capacitation
Large-group capacitation is an
Coinage
The English term capacitation is a translation of the
Capacitation in community health, adult education and international development
Moraisean large-group capacitation (LGC): overview
The major theoretical influence, acknowledged by de Morais,
History of application
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/MatzOW1992.jpg/335px-MatzOW1992.jpg)
The insights that gave rise to what came to be known as the moraisean Large Group Capacitation Method (LGCM)
See also
- Activity theory – Soviet psychological framework
- Aleksei N. Leontiev– Soviet developmental psychologist
- Clodomir Santos de Morais – Brazilian sociologist (1928-2016)
- Cultural-historical activity theory – Theoretical framework in psychology (CHAT)
- Cultural-historical psychology
- Experiential learning – Learn by reflect on active involvement
- Situated learning – Theory of learning
- Organization Workshop– Business education workshop
- Professional development – Learning to earn or maintain professional credentials
- Lev Vygotsky – Soviet psychologist (1896–1934)
- Zone of Proximal Development– Difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with help
Publications
- Andersson, Gavin (2004). Unbounded Governance: A Study of Popular Development Organization. UK: Open University.
- Andersson, Gavin (2010). KWANDA. An example of Civic Driven Change? (PDF). South Africa: Seriti Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
- Andersson, Gavin; Richards, Howard (2012). "Bounded and Unbounded Organization". Africanus. AFRICANUS South Africa Vol 42, Nr 1, pp. 98–119. ISSN 0304-615X.
- Andersson, Gavin (2013). The Activity Theory Approach (PDF). Seriti, S.A.: (pre-booklaunch) chapter from Unbounded Organization:Embracing Societal Enterprise.
- Andersson, Gavin; Richards, Howard (2015). Unbounded Organizing in Community. World Dignity University Press. ISBN 9781937570606.
- Araújo, Sebastão Lopes (2009). A Metodologia da Capacitação Massiva como Instrumento de inclusão social: Estudo de caso – The Large Group Capacitation Methodology as an Instrument of social inclusion: a case study (PDF) (in Portuguese). Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil: Ceará State University, Br. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
- Carmen, R; Labra, I.&I.; Davis, M. (1999). Learning from Brazil. Proceedings of the Manchester Conference of 23rd March 1998 & the Synchronous & Asynchrononous online virtual conferencing. Manchester University UK: Manchester Monographs #38. ISBN 9780902252295.
- Carmen, Raff; Sobrado, Miguel (2000). A Future for the Excluded. London, UK: ISBN 9781856497022.
- Correia, Jacinta CB (2001). Comunicación y Capacitación en Empresas Autogestionarias surgidas de Laboratorios Organizacionales – Communication and Capacitation in the Selfmanaging Enterprises resulting from Organization Workshops (in Spanish). Mexico: PhD Thesis Chapingo University.
- Correia, Jainta JB (1994). Comunicação e Capacitação – Communication and Capacitation (in Portuguese). Brasilia, Br: IATTERMUND.
- Correia, Jacinta CB (2007). Learning with Africa: the Case of Mozambique (PDF). Goa (India): Presentation made in Jan 2006 at the 'African Diaspora in India 'TADIA' meeting. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
- Eade, Deborah (1997). Capacity-building: An Approach to People-centred Development. Oxford, UK: OXFAM. ISBN 9780855983666.
- Freire, Paulo (1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed (PDF). New York-London: Herder&Herder. ISBN 0-8264-1276-9. Archived from the original(PDF) on 9 June 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
- Freire, Paulo (1972). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. London UK: Penguin. ISBN 9780140225839.
- Freire, Paulo (1973). Education for Critical Consciousness. London UK: Sheed & Ward. ISBN 9780722033203.
- Kagan, Carolyn; et al. (2011). Critical Community Psychology. Wiley-Blackwell. UK. ISBN 978-1405188845.
- Labra, Iván (1992). Psicología Social: Responsabilidad y Necesidad – Social Psychology. Responsibility and Need (in Spanish). ISBN 9567369526.
- Labra, Isabel; Labra, Ivan (2012). The Organization Workshop Method (PDF). Seriti, S.A.: Integra Terra Network Editor. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
- Labra, Iván (2014). A Critique of the Social Psychology of Small Groups & an Introduction to a Social Psychology of the Large Group (PDF). IntegraTerra - Chile: (pre-booklaunch) Chapter I.
- Leontiev, Aleksei N (1978). Activity, Consciousness, and Personality. Prentice-Hall – Translated by Marie J. Hall. ISBN 0-13-003533-5.
- de Morais, Clodomir; et al. (1976). El modelo hondureño de desarrollo agrario – The Honduran model of agrarian development (in Spanish). Tegucigalpa, Honduras: National Government Publication. OCLC 4324202.
- de Morais, Clodomir Santos (1979). Apuntes de teoría de la organización – Notes on theory of Organization (in Spanish). Managua, Nicaragua: PNUD, OIT-NIC/79/010, COPERA Project.
- de Morais, Clodomir Santos (1997). Elementos de teoria da Organização – Notes on Theory of Organization (in Portuguese). IATTERMUND – PRONAGER-AMAZÔNIA. OCLC 169927709.
- de Morais, Clodomir Santos (1987a). Objective conditions and subjective factors (PhD thesis) (in Spanish). Rostock GDR. OCLC 75042725.
- Nacif, Vera (1998). The National Job and Income Development Program in Poverty-Stricken Areas – its Potential – PRONAGER (PDF). Brasilia: Government Brazil Dpt of Culture. pp. 29–35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
- Orsatti, Alvaro (2010). CSA (Workers' Federation of the Americas) São Paulo. Brasil (ed.). El principio metodológico de la Capacitación Masiva para Trabajadores autónomos – The methodological principle of Large Group Capacitation for autonomous Workers. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
- Pieterse, Jan N. (1998). My Paradigm or Yours? Alternative Development, Post-Development, Reflexive Development (PDF). Development and Change, Vol 28, No 2.
- Ramafoko, Lebo; Andersson, Gavin; Weiner, Renay (2012). Reality Television for Community Development. The Kwanda Initiative in South Africa (PDF). South Africa: Nordicom Review 33 Special Issue pp. 149–162.
- Silveira, Caio M.; et al. (1997). Metodologias de Capacitação – Cefe, Gespar, Capacitação Massiva – Methods of Capacitation – Cefe, Gespar, Large Group Capacitation Method. Rio de Janeiro: FASE. Archived from the original on 11 January 2015.
- Sobrado Chavez, Miguel (2006) [1993]. Capacitación y discapacitación en los proyectos de desarrollo – Capacitation and discapacitation in development projects (PDF) (in Spanish). Costa Rica: FLACSO/Online:ILIDES Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
- Sobrado, Miguel; Rojas, Juan José Herrera (2006). America Latina: crisis del Estado clientelista y la construcción de repúblicas ciudadanas – Latin America: crisis of the clientelist state and building the citizen republics (PDF) (in Spanish). Costa Rica: EUNA. ISBN 9977-65-281-3. Archived from the original(PDF) on 5 November 2013.
- Sobrado, Miguel (2012). "La metodología de capacitación masiva y el desarrollo local y regional – Large Group Capacitation in local and regional development". Universidad en Diálogo (in Spanish). II (1). Costa Rica. ISSN 2215-2849.
- Souza, Abel Sydney de (2006). "A Metodologia da Capacitação Massiva: uma alternative á Geração de emprego e renda – Large Group Capacitation: an alternative approach to Job creation and Income Generation". Revista Espaço Acadêmico (in Portuguese). Portugal: Revista Espaço Acadêmico Nr 57 – ULHT Lusofone University of Humanities and Technology. ISSN 1519-6186. Archived from the originalon 23 October 2013.
- Tilakaratna, S. (1987). The Animator in Participatory Rural Development: Concept and Practice. Geneva, Switzerland: ISBN 92-2-106044-6.
- UNESCO, ibedata (1979). Terminology of Adult Education (trilingual en-es-fr). Paris, Fr.: UNESCO. ISBN 9230016837.
- Vygotsky, Lev S. (1978). Mind in Society: the Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-67457629-2.
- Wolfe, Marshall (1996). Elusive Development. London: ISBN 1-85649-380-6.
Notes and references
- Cultural-Historical Activity Theory-based activity.
- ^ Andersson 2013, p. 5 ss on de Morais' use of Activity Theory.
- ^ a b c de Morais Chapter 3 in Carmen & Sobrado 2000
- ^ Labra, Iván, 1992, 3.2. p. 82: "psicología social de grandes grupos"(Spanish); Carmen & Sobrado 2000 Chapter 2; Labra 2014: Social Psychology of the Large Group.
- ^ a b c Large Group Capacitation Method. "Large Group Capacitation Method: event description". Be Sociable. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
- ^ Andersson, Gavin, An example of Civic Driven Change? (PDF), Kwanda: Communities with Soual, archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2013
- ^ "Términos de Referencia: Contratación de Servicio de capacitacion en Diseño de Productos y Servicios con el Componente de Identidad" (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 October 2013.
- ^ "Defining social development". Indices of Social Development. International Institute of Social Studies. Archived from the original on 3 October 2012.
- Community Developmentinitiatives.
- .
- Organization Workshop.
- ^ The Spanish section of the tri-lingual UNESCO 1979 "Adult Education Glossary" explains that the term capacitación (Spanish) is usually followed by the adjectives vocational or technical, ie preparation for qualified employment – re: "trabajo calificado" (Spanish) (p. 79).
- ^ NB: the English verb to capacitate means to make capable; to enable – from capax (Latin) = capable. (As for "biological process related to reproduction", see: Capacitation).
- Banking education(Freire) "in which the teacher issues communiques and makes deposits which the students patiently receive, memorize, and repeat" would be an example of such subject-to-subject transitive mode, in the field of education.
- ^ That is, non-transitive, object-to-subject 'objective activity', i.e. where the object teaches or how adults learn, ie autonomously – see: Andragogy and Sobrado 2012, p. 50 "Andragogy forms the basis of the process".
- ^ e.g. Correia 2007, p. 7–8
- ISBN 978-0-19-8609773 p. 110 translates capacitación (Spanish) as training (English). – Conversely, the Spanish translation of "training"(English) is not capacitación (Spanish), but, instead, entrenamiento (Spanish)/ adiestriamiento (Spanish). Alternatively: entrenamento(Portuguese)/adestramento(Portuguese).
- ^ de Morais in: Souza 2006 p. 6 (nb. Portuguese original): "Professional training [models] generally transfer elements of theory well before practical elements are produced. The latter aborts the capacitation process: the trainee learns, but is not capacitated: se aprende, porém não se capacita (Portuguese).
- ^ de Morais 1987a, p. 136 (nb. Spanish original) "To prioritize elements of theory before introducing elements of practice, means that the capacitation process of those involved in the setting the "Organization Workshop Enterprise" is being frustrated: they learn but are not capacitated: se aprende, pero no se capacita(Spanish).
- ^ Andersson 2004, p. 166–170: "Capacitation".
- ^ Carmen & Sobrado 2000, p. 39: "A final moment with Paulo Freire – 1997".
- ^ Freire 1970. See also: Pedagogy of the Oppressed
- ^ Carmen & Sobrado 2000, p. 115 Ch 12: "Hard Learning in Zimbabwe".
- ILO's 1980s Persons with Lower Levels of Literacy (LLLs) training modules Archived 5 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ 'Dictionary' translations of capacitação (Portuguese)/capacitación (Spanish) (translated as "training") occasionally can be found in official documents, as, e.g., in Nacif 1998, which is a Government translation of Vera Nacif's original Spanish text Archived 23 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ transl: "Notes on a Theory of Organization" (ETC, Newcastle, UK)
- ^ ALFA – America Latina Formación Academica Archived 10 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- Wageningen, Netherlands, Basque University Spain, Pisa Italy, Chapingo Mexico, Central University Venezuela, National University and Public University of Costa Rica. (see: Carmen, Labra & Davis 1999)
- ^ Carmen, Labra & Davis 1999 p. 10
- ^ Etymology of Training quote : "from the 14th Century Old French trahiner – to drag". (NB: which would be a clear indication of its transitive pedigree of the English term).
- ^ Freire 1973, p. 160.
- ^ Tilakaratna 1987 p. 23: "Capacitation".
- ^ Wolfe 1996 page 39: "Capacitation of national societies". (NB: French: La capacitation is a synonym for French: la prise en charge ('taking charge') – in this case, of one's own destiny).
- ^ See comparative table – (between "Growth-led" and "Equity-led" Development – p. 354 in Pieterse 1998.
- ^ Eade 1997, p. 2: "No summit goes by without ritual calls for capacity building programmes"
- ^ Andersson 2004, p. 168-9: "Much of southern development practitioners' capacity enhancing practice is in the transitive vein of providing training courses for on one or another identified "capacity need".
- International Development.
- ^ (Capacity) "Building": "To build" means "to form by combining materials or parts". According to Andersson 2004, p. 168. "Capacitation", – on the other hand -, "always involves working with the whole – (i.e. the entire process/activity at the same time) – and not with (a) small part(s) of the system".
- ^ refer, e.g., Labra & Labra 2012; Carmen & Sobrado 2000, p. 118 (n.2). See also: § Moraisean large-group capacitation (LGC): overview section of this article
- ^ re: Sobrado in Carmen & Sobrado 2000, p. 21
- ^ Evans, Scot D. "Review of Critical Community Psychology".
- ^ Kagan et al 2011, p. 195–197
- ^ NB: A 2011 English language Critical Community Psychology textbook[41] does present moraisean Capacitation as one of four possible "strategies of action"[42]
- ^ de Morais 1987a, pp. 19–23
- ^ "Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT)" (PDF). InterMedia.
- ^ "Yrjö Engeström, Professor". Center for Activity Theory and Developmental Work Research. University of Helsinki. Archived from the original on 18 February 2014.
- ^ "Mike Cole". The Laboratory of Comparative Human Cognition.
- ISBN 978-0-19-511753-0.
- Vygotsky and taken forward in recent years by ('3rd generation'[45]) Finnish Activity theorist Yrjö Engeström[46] – see: Andersson 2004, p. 214 and Andersson 2013, p. 8, note 17. (Other 'Activity' theorists: Michael Cole,[47] Jean Lave, James Wertsch,[48]et al).
- ^ Leontiev 1978, p. 50 ss; Labra 1992, p. 53(Actividad Objetivada (Spanish); Labra & Labra 2012; Carmen & Sobrado 2000, p. 118 & note 2; Andersson 2013, p. 6ss
- Organization Workshop context, the real enterprise the participants are engaged in is that "object that teaches". From a pedagogical perspective the choice of "object" is crucial. To ensure that a social scale of activity was engendered, de Morais made the requirement that a common resource pool be put at the disposal of participants, which requires that production processes be regulated (co-ordinated), independently from the whims of various collaborators. Andersson 2013 p. 6. ; Carmen & Sobrado 2000, p. 63.
- ^ Labra 2014, p. 3
- ^ Cultural-historical psychology, in Andersson's words, "explains de Morais' method" re: Andersson 2004, p. 214; Carmen & Sobrado 2000, p. 129
- Group Dynamics); Labra 2014, p. 10.
- ^ Carmen & Sobrado 2000, p. 165–166: 'small group' social psychology; Andersson & Richards 2012; Labra 2014 pp. 14 & 18: Social Psychology of Small Groups.
- Latinfor "place".
- ^ defined by de Morais as "a practical exercise in the creation of a real enterprise" de Morais 1979.
- ^ Sobrado 2012 p. 49.; Carmen & Sobrado 2000 Chap. 2.
- ^ Andersson 2013, p. 24 quoting Vygotsky n.59 and Andersson 2004 pp. 227–234: "Zone of proximal development (ZPD) or the gap between what an individual learner, or group of learners, has already mastered without assistance (the actual level of development), and what they potentially can achieve with the guidance of an experienced assistant or peer".
- ^ Sobrado in Carmen & Sobrado 2000, p. 209: the traditional relationship between trainee and instructor ceases to apply.
- professional training (in the trades, enterprises, services that the participants have chosen to engage in). How 'capacitation' and 'training' go hand in hand is clear, for example, from the diary of a Resource person Archived 8 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine(i.e.trainer) at the 1994 Munguine OW in Mozambique.
- ^ see de Morais 1979: The OW is "a practical exercise in the creation of a real enterprise".
- ^ see the theoretical notions of e.g. "Zone of Proximal Development" (ZPD) and "Scaffolding" above.
- ^ see: Objectivized Activity Archived 5 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine in Andersson 2010, p. 2 (ppt slides).
- ^ Andersson 2004, p. 161
- ^ "Critical Balance" (CB), an integral part of the OW process, also known as self-regulated learning in adult education, ensures that day-to-day tasks always keep sight of long-term objectives.[65]
- ^ "the whole" as compared to "combining materials or parts" (as e.g. in aforementioned "Capacity Building").
- ^ As quoted from Andersson 2004, p. 168.
- ^ 50 to 60 persons, depending on sources. de Morais, then a lawyer and one of the Peasant League co-founders, attended as legal consultant.
- ^ see:Carmen & Sobrado 2000 Chapter 2 pp. 14–25 and Andersson 2004 p. 130 quote: "this led de Morais to think about other practical exercises where a shared resource base, activity and the need for analytical thought would stimulate the formation of organizational activists".
- ^ Morais, C.; Torres-Rivas, E.; Gomes, G. (1975). El modelo hondureño de desarrollo agrario. Programa de capacitacion campesina para la reforma agraria: Serie didáctica (in Spanish). Programa de Capacitación Campesina para la Reforma Agraria.
- ^ de Morais 1976
- ^ Carmen & Sobrado 2000, Chapter 6
- ^ Where he was consultant in charge of the PROCCARA Program (Campesino Capacitation Program for Agrarian Reform), which was to become the blueprint for the "Honduran Model",[71] i.e. the application of the OW on a countrywide basis.[72][73]
- ^ OW events are open to groups of minimum 40 and up to 1,000 and more participants, local conditions permitting. Childcare (and food) provision tend to be some of the primary foci around which the group gets organized. (Other sources speak of participants becoming "organizationally literate".)
- ^ re: Learning and Capacitation Programme Archived 13 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Ramafoko, Andersson & Weiner 2012
- ^ Correia in Carmen & Sobrado 2000, p. 199, and Correia 2007, p. 6 explain the four types of Workshop: the Course OW, the Centre OW, the Enterprise OW, and the Field OW. The latter (Field OW) is the most commonly and frequently applied.
- OCLC 17537007.; PPT Recap: "50 years of Organisation Workshop"
External links
- Kwanda Amsterdam Netherlands, 2015.
- Andersson, Gavin (2013) "Unbounded Organization" Part 1 Part 2 Gavin Andersson on Kurt Lewin and Lev Vygotsky, 30 May 2013. Part 1 & 2.
- Germinadora Project, 2014. (Spanish) Capacitacion Masiva y Germinadora 2014 – Large Group Capacitation and the Germinadora Project 2014 – Costa Rica
- Labra, Iván (2012) (bi-lingual en-es): Consciousness is in the Act
- Labra, Iván (2012) (bi-lingual en-es): The Organization Workshop