Large Underground Xenon experiment
The Large Underground Xenon experiment (LUX) aimed to directly detect
The LUX experiment, which cost approximately $10 million to build,
The detector was decommissioned in 2016 and is now on display at the Sanford Lab Homestake Visitor Center.[4]
Detector principle
The detector was isolated from background particles by a surrounding water tank and the earth above. This shielding reduced cosmic rays and radiation interacting with the xenon.
Interactions in liquid xenon generate 175 nm ultraviolet
The detector was a
Finding dark matter
WIMPs would be expected to interact exclusively with the liquid xenon nuclei, resulting in nuclear recoils that would appear very similar to neutron collisions. In order to single out WIMP interactions, neutron events must be minimized, through shielding and ultra-quiet building materials.
In order to discern WIMPs from neutrons, the number of single interactions must be compared to multiple events. Since WIMPs are expected to be so weakly interacting, most would pass through the detector unnoticed. Any WIMPs that interact will have negligible chance of repeated interaction. Neutrons, on the other hand, have a reasonably large chance of multiple collisions within the target volume, the frequency of which can be accurately predicted. Using this knowledge, if the ratio of single interactions to multiple interactions exceeds a certain value, the detection of dark matter may be reliably inferred.
Collaboration
The LUX collaboration was composed of over 100 scientists and engineers across 27 institutions in the US and Europe. LUX was composed of the majority of the US groups that collaborated in the
The LUX experiment's co-spokesmen were Richard Gaitskell from Brown University (who acted as co-spokesman from 2007 on) and Daniel McKinsey from University of California, Berkeley (who acted as co-spokesman from 2012 on). Tom Shutt from Case Western Reserve University was LUX co-spokesman between 2007 and 2012.
Status
Detector assembly began in late 2009. The LUX detector was commissioned overground at SURF for a six-month run. The assembled detector was transported underground from the surface laboratory in a two-day operation in the summer of 2012 and began data taking April 2013, presenting initial results Fall 2013. It was decommissioned in 2016.[4]
The next-generation follow-up experiment, the 7-ton LUX-ZEPLIN has been approved,[6] expected to begin in 2020.[7]
Results
Initial unblinded data taken April to August 2013 were announced on October 30, 2013. In an 85 live-day run with 118 kg fiducial volume, LUX obtained 160 events passing the data analysis selection criteria, all consistent with electron recoil backgrounds. A
In the final run from October 2014 to May 2016, at four times its original design sensitivity with 368 kg of liquid xenon, LUX saw no signs of dark matter candidate—WIMPs.
References
- .
- S2CID 67768071.
- ^ Reich, E. Dark-matter hunt gets deep Nature 21 Feb 2013
- ^ a b Van Zee, Al (July 20, 2017). "LUX dark matter detector now part of new exhibit at Sanford Lab". Black Hills Pioneer. Lead, South Dakota. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
- S2CID 118422051.
- ^ "Dark-matter searches get US government approval". Physics World. July 15, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2020.
- ^ a b "World's most sensitive dark-matter search comes up empty handed". Hamish Johnston. physicsworld.com (IOP). 22 July 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2020.
- S2CID 2161650. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
- ^ Dark Matter Search Comes Up Empty Fox News, 2013 October 30
- ^ Dark matter experiment finds nothing, makes news The Conversation, 01 November 2013
- ^ Siegel, Ethan (February 22, 2019). "The 'WIMP Miracle' Hope For Dark Matter Is Dead". Starts With A Bang. Forbes. Archived from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved June 21, 2019.