LeMat Revolver
Lemat Revolver | |
---|---|
Jean Alexandre LeMat | |
Designed | 1855; US Patent 1856 |
Manufacturer | John Krider of Philadelphia Charles Frederic Girard and Son of Paris London Armoury Company |
Produced | 1856–1865 |
No. built | approx. 2,900 |
Variants | Revolver Carbine |
Specifications | |
Mass | 4.1 lb (1.86 kg), loaded |
Length | 13.25 in (356 mm) |
Barrel length | 6.75 in (172 mm) barrel (revolver) |
Cartridge | .42 ball (.44 repro.) or .36 ball 16 to 20 ga. shot |
Caliber | .42/.44 (repro.)/.36 20 ga. shot |
Barrels | 2 |
Action | Single action revolver Single barrel shotgun |
Rate of fire | 9 rounds/minute |
Muzzle velocity | 620 ft/s (190 m/s) |
Effective firing range | 40 yd (37 m) |
Maximum firing range | 100 yd (91 m) |
Feed system | 9-round cylinder; and single-shot smooth-bore secondary barrel |
Sights | fixed front post and rear notch |
The LeMat revolver was a .42 or .36
History and design
This unique sidearm was also known as the "Grape Shot Revolver." It was developed in New Orleans in 1856 by Jean Alexandre Le Mat, whose manufacturing effort was backed by P. G. T. Beauregard, who became a general in the Confederate States Army. Fewer than 100(?) were made by John Krider of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1859, including the first 250 prototypes. It is estimated that 2,900 were produced in Liège, Belgium, and Paris, France. The European-made pistols were shipped through Birmingham, England, where they were proofmarked.[1]
Approximately 900 revolvers were shipped to the Confederate States Army and 600 to the Confederate States Navy through Bermuda to avoid the Southern Naval Blockade.[1][2]
The distinguishing characteristic of LeMat's revolver is that its 9-shot cylinder revolves around a separate central barrel of larger caliber than the chambers in the cylinder proper. The central barrel is smoothbore and can function as a short-barreled shotgun (hence the name "Grape Shot Revolver"), with the shooter selecting whether to fire from the cylinder or the smoothbore barrel by flipping a lever on the end of the hammer. Flipping the lever up caused the movable striker to fall upon the primer set directly under the hammer, discharging the lower barrel while leaving it in the standard position would fire the chambers in the cylinder, much like any other revolver.[3]
The 1st Model LeMats manufactured in Paris were originally chambered for .42 caliber balls or bullets in the cylinder and had a .63 caliber (18 gauge) smoothbore barrel and had a jointed ramrod (mounted on the right-hand side of the frame), which was used to load both barrels. Later, during the American Civil War, a lighter .35-caliber pistol with a .55-caliber (28-gauge) smooth bore barrel was produced. Still, as these were non-standard ammunition sizes (.36 or .44 caliber were most common for contemporary revolvers), LeMat owners had to cast bullets (instead of being issued from general military stores). The final models of the LeMat were produced in .36 or .44 caliber in response to these criticisms, but too few of them managed to get past the Union blockade of the South during the Civil War to be of any actual use.[4]
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Patent LeMat 1856
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top view showing the ramming rod parallel to the barrel and the lever of the pivoting striker
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A close-up of the hammer on a LeMat Pinfire Revolver shows the pivoting striker that could be used to fire thepinfire cartridges in the revolving chambers or the secondary smoothbore barrel.[3]
Civil War use
LeMat hoped to market his adaptable revolver as a primary sidearm for dragoons and other mounted troops. He entered into a partnership with P. G. T. Beauregard (at that time a major in the U.S. Army) in April 1859 to market his handgun to the U.S. Army. Beauregard, besides being LeMat's cousin, was one of the first U.S. Army officers to resign and join the Confederacy.[3]
When war broke out, LeMat received Confederate contracts to produce 5,000 revolvers, and plans were laid to manufacture the gun abroad and then import them into the Confederacy, which lacked the necessary facilities to produce the weapon locally. Confederate gun runners were able to slip shipments of the gun through the U.S. Navy blockade, and it is estimated that about 2,500 made it into Confederate service.[3]
In addition to General Beauregard and Colonel LeMat, LeMat's revolver was used by such famous Confederate officers as Major Generals
The LeMat revolver was manufactured from 1856 to 1865, with approximately 2,900 being produced. The first models were manufactured by John Krider of Philadelphia, with the second model (the first overseas model) being produced by Charles Frederic Girard and Son of Paris. Quality concerns prompted LeMat to consider production at the
The original revolver, constructed of
After the introduction of
Variants
- Black Powder Caplock – The first variant of the LeMat.[8]
- Pinfire Cartridge – Second variant, can be recognised by cylinder.[7]
- Centerfire Cartridge – The centerfire variant came with a distinctive grip.[3]
- Carbine – A rare variant with extended barrels and a rifle-type stock totaling 20" in length.[8]
- Baby LeMat – The rarest variant of the LeMat is a reduced size version with a 4 3/4" barrel, the revolver chambered in .32 caliber, and the shotgun chambered in .41 bore. Only 100 were produced.[8]
Modern reproductions
The Pietta company of Brescia, Italy, has manufactured modern reproductions of the LeMat revolver since 1985. United States distributors include Navy Arms Company, Dixie Gunworks, and Cabela's. Canadian distributors include Marstar Canada, among others.[2]
See also
- Henrion, Dassy & Heuschen Revolver
- Pistola con caricato
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0-89689-455-6.
- ^ ISBN 0-87349-768-6.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7603-3971-8.
- ISBN 978-0-595-35796-3.
- ^ Konstam, Angus (2004). The Pocket Book of Civil War Weapons. Edison NJ: Chartwell Books, Inc. p. 89.
- ISBN 1-4402-2694-6.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4402-1522-3.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4402-1890-3.
Bibliography
- The Confederate LeMat Revolver, Doug Adams, Mowbray Publishing, 2005.
External links
- U.S. Patent 15,925 issued on 21 October 1856
- Article from American Handgunner, July 2002, on the Navy Arms reproduction LeMat Revolver