Leonard G. Montefiore

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Leonard G. Montefiore
Born
Leonard Nathaniel Goldsmid-Montefiore

(1889-06-02)2 June 1889
12 Portman Square[1]
Died23 December 1961(1961-12-23) (aged 72)
The London Clinic[1]
NationalityBritish
Occupation(s)Jewish community leader and philanthropist

Leonard Nathaniel Goldsmid-Montefiore (2 June 1889 – 23 December 1961) was a wealthy member of the

Wiener Library for the Study of the Holocaust and Genocide.[6]

Early life

He was the only son of Claude Montefiore—a prominent Jewish scholar and philanthropist—and was named after his uncle Leonard A. Montefiore. He was born at the family home of number 12, Portman Square on 2 June 1889. His mother, Therese Alice, died on the following day, and so he was brought up by his grandmother, Emma Montefiore, who was from the wealthy Goldsmid family.[1]

He was educated at Clifton College and Balliol College, Oxford, where he read history. While a student, he spent time in Berlin and Hanover, where he became fluent in German. After graduation, he worked and lived at Toynbee Hall—a settlement house in which rich people lived alongside the poor to do social work and alleviate poverty.[1]

In 1914, at the start of the

First World War, he joined a cycling battalion of the Royal Hampshire Regiment. He served in India and Siberia, rising to the rank of captain. In 1918, he was admitted to the Order of the British Empire, and in 1921 he joined the Athenaeum Club, being introduced by Viscount Milner.[1]

In 1924, he married the sister of a close friend from college, Muriel Jeanetta Tuck (1892–1988), the youngest daughter of Adolph Tuck (whose wealthy family ran Raphael Tuck & Sons). They had two sons, David and Alan, who became a physician and Oxford don respectively.[1][7] In 1924, he also campaigned in Soho for the election of Winston Churchill as an Independent, in the Westminster Abbey by-election.[8]

Charitable service

Leonard Montefiore was active in numerous charitable, cultural, and philanthropic organisations. Chaim Bermant wrote, "He attended them all, gave money to them all, offered guidance to them all".[1]

These organisation included:[1]

Germany and the Second World War

When Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933 and his National Socialist party seized power, it threatened the Jewish community in Germany. Montefiore was at that time co-chairman of the Joint Foreign Committee of the

Central British Fund for German Jewry. Another founder member was Otto Schiff, who organised the Jewish Refugees Committee, which Montefiore chaired. The wealth supporting this fund enabled a promise to be made to the British government that Jewish refugees from Germany would not be a burden on public finances.[9] They also lobbied British society to protest against German discrimination against Jews but were not successful initially. Others wanted to organise a boycott of German goods but the Board of Deputies saw this as too extreme. There was also concern about Zionist influence, which the Board opposed as subverting their status as British.[10] Montefiore was himself opposed to Zionism until he visited Israel in 1955.[1]

Montefiore's fluency in the German language enabled him to study the details of the oppression of the Jews in Germany.[1] He publicised these, writing articles, letters and pamphlets including The Jews in Germany: Facts and Figures (1934) and Exiles from Germany (1937).[4]

In 1944, he toured the Mediterranean theatre to meet Jewish servicemen for the Welfare Branch of the War Office.[1]

The Windermere children

Montefiore organised aid for hundreds of Jewish orphans after the Second World War, acting as their guardian and arranging for them to be flown to England in heavy bombers by the RAF.[11] They had been liberated from Nazi concentration camps and so required care and rehabilitation for which he arranged a special camp at Windermere. Montefiore made regular visits and took a personal interest in their development. Nurse Eva Kahn-Minden recalled his manner,

Monty has been to pay one of his flying visits. Taxi arrives; coat thrown into some corner, he greets me, asks how things are; the boys meet him, shake hands, talk, jest; up the stairs two at a time into Nathan's to deliver "a few highbrow magazines" and to discuss the latest on science, politics and art; down to inspect garden, cowshed;
...
When he has left, everyone has the feeling that he has come just for him or her – a remarkable man! Intelligence, compassion and financial freedom—which is the strongest? Love, concern and a certain shyness coupled with some extrovert abilities—perhaps that would describe him even better.[12]

This refugee rescue was dramatised as

Auschwitz.[11] In this production, the part of Leonard Montefiore was played by Tim McInnerny.[13]

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8
  2. ISBN 9783161457418
  3. ^ "Leonard Goldsmid-Montefiore, Jewish Leader in Britain, Dead", The New York Times, 28 December 1961
  4. ^
    ISBN 9780230304666
  5. ^ Joe Shute (27 January 2015), "From the Holocaust to Lake Windermere", The Daily Telegraph, London, archived from the original on 29 January 2015
  6. ISBN 9780836920901
  7. Newspapers.com
    .
  8. ^ C. C. Aronsfeld; W. Rosenstock (June 1959), "A Tribute to Leonard G. Montefiore" (PDF), AJR Information, XIV (6): 6–7
  9. ^ Central British Fund for German Jewry, Kitchener Camp
  10. S2CID 159961797
  11. ^ a b Robert Philpot (27 January 2020), "BBC airs 'Windermere children'", The Times of Israel
  12. ISBN 978-0753800324
  13. ^ The Windermere Children, BBC, 27 January 2020
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