Li Chengliang
Li Chengliang 李成梁 | |
---|---|
Born | 1526 Liaodong, now Liaoning |
Died | 1615 (aged 88–89) |
Allegiance | Ming dynasty |
Li Chengliang (Chinese: 李成梁; pinyin: Lǐ Chéngliáng; Korean: 이성량; 1526–1615), courtesy name Ruqi (汝契), art name Yincheng (引城), was a Ming dynasty general.
Early life
Born in a military family in
Military career against the Mongols
In the 1570s, the
- 1575 (third year of the regions, but was defeated by Li.
- 1578 (Wanli 6): Tümen Khan attacked again, this time in Liaoyang, but was defeated again.
- 1579 (Wanli 7): Tümen Khan attacked the Yizhou / Jinzhou region and besieged Guangning 廣寧 (modern-day Beining).
- 1580 (Wanli 8): Tümen Khan gathered 40,000 cavalry, each horse tailing a cattle and three sheep.
- 1581 (Wanli 9): Tümen Khan gathered nine tribes totaling a hundred thousand men and horses and attacked Liaodong with the intention of reaching Beijing.
Jianzhou Jurchen war
He was charged with maintaining peaceful relations with the
The
Wang Gao's death intensified the power struggles that were already taking place between Jianzhou Jurchen chieftains. Giocangga and his son Taksi, who had been subjects to Wang Gao's authority, secretly allied themselves with Li Chengliang to enhance their power.[2] In 1582 Wang Gao's son Atai (阿台) raided Ming lands. Ming sent a punitive expedition, which Giocangga and Taksi supported.[2] In the ensuing assault on Atai's fort, and under unclear circumstances, both Giocangga and Taksi were killed, by rival Jurchen leader Nikan Wailan who was also siding with the Ming troops under the command of Li Chengliang. [3] Li Chengliang fostered and protected Nurhaci, Taksi's son. With Li's support, Nurhaci gradually grew his strength in the following years. Early in 1583, Nurhaci obtained from Li Chengliang the right to succeed his father as a minor Jurchen chieftain.[2]
Later Li Chengliang gave Nikan Wailan to Nurhaci in 1587, who beheaded him immediately.
Through a series of alliances and military victories, Nurhaci eventually managed to unify all Jurchen tribes under his own leadership. Having named himself khan of the Later Jin dynasty, he rose in rebellion against the Ming. The first of his Seven Grievances against the Ming, promulgated in 1618 as a casus belli, was that the Ming, "with no justification whatsoever, violated our borders and killed my father and grandfather."[3]
Patronage
Li Chengliang enjoyed the patronage and support of the
Descendants
Of Li Chengliang's nine sons, Li Rusong,[4] Li Rubai would rise to become "regional commanders" (zongbing 總兵) and "assistant regional commanders" (canjiang 參將) for the Ming. Li Rusong would eventually be executed by the Mongols, and Li Rubai committed suicide when he lost to Nurhaci.
Footnotes
- ^ Fang 1943a, p. 450.
- ^ a b c Fang 1943b, p. 595.
- ^ a b Crossley 1987, p. 771.
- ^ a b Ryor 2004, p. 28.
- ^ Robinson 2013, p. 52.
Works cited
- S2CID 162618002
- Fang, Chao-ying (房兆楹) (1943). Hummel, Arthur W. Sr. (ed.). Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. United States Government Printing Office. pp. 450–52.
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: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
. In - ——— (1943). Hummel, Arthur W. Sr. (ed.). Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. United States Government Printing Office. pp. 594–99.
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: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
. In - Robinson, David M. (2013), "Military labor in China, c. 1500", in Zürcher, Erik-Jan (ed.), Fighting for a Living: A Comparative Study of Military Labour 1500–2000, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, pp. 43–80, JSTOR j.ctt6wp6pg.5
- Ryor, Kathleen (2004), "Regulating the Qi and the Xin: Xu Wei (1521-1593) and His Military Patrons", Archives of Asian Art, 54: 23–33, JSTOR 20111314