Liaoning bronze dagger culture
The Liaoning bronze dagger culture or Lute-shaped bronze dagger culture is the provisional designation of an
Artifacts from the culture are found primarily in the
Lee Chung-kyu (1996) considers that the culture is properly divided into five phases: Phases I and II typified by violin-shaped daggers, Phases IV and V by slender daggers, and Phase III by the transition between the two. Of these, remains from Phases I, II and III can be found in some amounts in both the Korean peninsula and northeast China, but remains from Phases IV and V are found almost exclusively in Korea.
Violin-shaped daggers
The early phase consists of an early period of bronze manufacture without daggers originated from the spreading processes of
The earliest artifacts from this period are found exclusively in Liaoning of northeast China and seem only gradually to have spread to the Korean peninsula.[5][6] By Lee's (1996) Phase II, however, a distinctive notched form of dagger begins to emerge in southern Korea, suggesting that by this time independent bronze production had begun in that region.
However, it is a regional variation of a much larger distribution of similar daggers that range from Hebei and Inner Mongolia in the west to the Korean peninsula in the east. Many scholars consider it to be a style shared by a number of groups, rather than representing a single culture.[7]
Evidence gained from pottery indicates that the bronze dagger "culture" of this time actually included several distinct cultural groups. One distinct pottery tradition is found in northeast China and northwestern Korea, another in the
Slender daggers
This later part of the Liaoning bronze dagger culture is often referred to as the "Korean bronze dagger culture," since it was largely restricted to the Korean peninsula. At this point the Liaoning culture artifacts begin to disappear from the northeast China area. A new form of dagger begins to turn up on the Korean peninsula, straight and slender (Sehyungdonggeom, 세형동검).
The greatest concentration of bronze daggers is found in the
Lee (1996) divides this phase into two distinct sections: one dating to the 3rd century BCE in which the production of slender bronze daggers predominated, and one dating to the 2nd century BCE in which daggers are often accompanied by bronze mirrors with geometric designs and halberds influenced by the Chinese Qin state. In the first part, a single pottery culture typified by clay-band applique is found throughout the Korean peninsula, but in the second part distinctive pottery types emerge in the northwest and the remainder of the peninsula.
Historical identity
The disappearance of the Liaoning bronze dagger culture from China appears to coincide with the
Other archaelologists have associated the culture with the ancient Shanrong people, a group that lived on the periphery of Yan. However, convincing evidence for either assignment is still lacking.[2]
See also
- List of China-related topics
- History of Korea
- Megalithic tomb
Notes
- ^ Kang, In Uk (2020). "Archaeological Perspectives on the Early Relations of the Korean Peninsula with the Eurasian Steppe" (PDF). Sino-Platonic Papers: 34p.
- ^ a b Byington, Mark E. (2016). The ancient state of Puyŏ in Northeast Asia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 54.
- ^ "Timeline of Art and History, Korea, 1000 BC – 1 AD". Metropolitan Museum of Art.
- .
- OCLC 15593505.
- ^ Kim, Tae-Shik (2008). "Report on the excavation of Songjuk-ri, Gimcheon in 17 years". Yonhap News Agency.
- ^ Byington, Mark E. (2016). The ancient state of Puyŏ in Northeast Asia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 64.
References
- Lee, C.-k. (1996). "The bronze dagger culture of Liaoning province and the Korean peninsula". Korea Journal. 36 (4): 17–27. Archived from the original on 2007-03-11.
- Lee, K.-b. (1984). A new history of Korea. Tr. by E.W. Wagner & E.J. Schulz, based on 1979 rev. ed. Seoul: Ilchogak. ISBN 89-337-0204-0