Lina Prokofiev
Lina Ivanovna Prokofieva | |
---|---|
Born | Carolina Codina Nemísskaia 21 October 1897 |
Died | 3 January 1989 London, England | (aged 91)
Other names | Lina Llubera |
Occupation | Singer |
Spouse | Sergei Prokofiev (1921–separation 1941; marriage declared null and void 1948) |
Children | 2 |
Lina Ivanovna Prokofieva (Russian: Ли́на Ива́новна Проко́фьева), born Carolina Codina Nemísskaia, (21 October 1897 – 3 January 1989) was a Spanish singer and the first wife of Russian composer
Early life
Carolina Codina was born in Madrid on 21 October 1897 to Olga Vladislavovna (née Nemísskaia) and Juan Codina y Llubera. Her mother was a Russian of Polish, Lithuanian, and Alsatian ancestry; her father was a Spaniard born to a Catalan family in Barcelona. Both of her parents were singers and they met while studying singing in Milan at the Theatre Academy of La Scala .[2]
In 1899, Carolina traveled to Russia with her parents. Along the way they stayed with family friends in
The family lived in Switzerland before sailing across the Atlantic on the Statendam to New York City in 1907. Lina graduated from Brooklyn's Public School No. 3; the graduation was held at the nearby Commercial High School on 24 June 1913.[4]
She worked for a month as an assistant to Russian socialist Catherine Breshkovsky in 1919.[5]
Marriage to Prokofiev and separation
In 1923 she married Prokofiev
In August 1938, Sergei met Mira Mendelson, a 23-year-old literary student who was a poet and translator. They were each vacationing in Kislovodsk with their respective families. What had begun as a professional partnership quickly developed into an extramarital affair. Although Sergei had initially been dismissive about Mira to Lina, within months he revealed to her the extent of his new relationship. Lina replied that she did not object to it as long as he did not go to live with her, she recalled in interviews decades later.[10] Their marriage continued to deteriorate; on 15 March 1942, Sergei announced that he was going to live with Mira, effectively ending his marriage with Lina. A few months later when the German invasion of the Soviet Union threatened Moscow, Prokofiev tried to persuade Lina and their sons to accompany him as evacuees out of the capital, but Lina refused.[11]
Illegality of marriage and arrest
After the end of World War II, Sergei attempted to serve Lina with divorce papers through their son Oleg, who did not carry the task through for the sake of his mother's well-being. Sergei then filed for divorce in court on 22 November 1947. Five days later, the court announced that it had rejected his petition on the grounds that the marriage had been invalid in the first place because it had taken place outside of the country and was not properly registered with Soviet authorities. After a second court upheld the verdict, Sergei and his companion Mira were married on 13 January 1948.[12]
On 20 February 1948, Lina was arrested. Her eldest son Svyatoslav later stated that she had received a call in the evening requesting that she pick up a package addressed to her. Upon stepping out of her home, she was forced into a car that had been waiting outside. Her apartment was searched by the police, who confiscated various family heirlooms and artifacts.
[S]omeone came running from the bookroom and said: "They just announced on the radio that in Argentina a concert was held in memory of the composer Prokofiev." Lina Ivanovna began to weep and, without uttering a word, walked away.[17]
Release from the gulag
After serving 8 years of her sentence, she was freed on 30 June 1956. Subsequent petitions to Dmitri Shostakovich[18] and Tikhon Khrennikov, the latter a personal friend of Lina,[17] resulted in her successful rehabilitation during the Khrushchev Thaw.[19] Soon thereafter Lina petitioned the courts to have them reassert her rights as Prokofiev's sole and legitimate spouse. An initial ruling in her favor was reversed by the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union on 12 March 1958, which reaffirmed that their marriage had no legal validity.[20] Shostakovich, Khrennikov, and Dmitry Kabalevsky were among the witnesses called upon by the court to give their testimonies in the case.[21]
Final years and death
In 1974 Lina left the Soviet Union.[22] She outlived her ex-husband by many years, dying in London on 3 January 1989,[23] and being buried in the French town of Meudon. Royalties from his music provided her with a modest income. Their sons Sviatoslav (1924–2010), an architect, and Oleg (1928–1998), an artist, painter, sculptor and poet, dedicated a large part of their lives to the promotion of their father's life and work.[24] She was the subject of Simon Morrison's 2013 biography Lina and Serge: The Love and Wars of Lina Prokofiev.
Notes
- ^ Prokofiev 2008, p. 428.
- ^ Chemberdjí 2010, pp. 28–30.
- ^ Chemberdjí 2010, pp. 30–32.
- ^ Morrison 2013, pp. 19–20.
- ^ Morrison 2013, p. 25.
- ^ "Serge Prokofiev". Encyclopédie Larousse.
- ^ Morrison 2009, pp. 306–307.
- ^ Morrison 2009, pp. 41–43.
- ^ Morrison 2009, p. 44.
- ^ Morrison 2009, pp. 156–159.
- ^ Morrison 2009, p. 177.
- ^ Morrison 2009, p. 306.
- ^ Morrison 2009, p. 308.
- ^ Morrison 2009, p. 307.
- ^ a b Morrison 2009, p. 309.
- ^ Прокофьева Лина Ивановна (урожд. Каролина Кодина; сценическое имя – Лина Любера) [Prokofieva Lina Ivanovna (nee Karolina Kodina; stage name – Lina Lubera)], vgulage.name
- ^ a b Wilson 1994, p. 310.
- ^ Wilson 1994, pp. 400–401.
- ^ Morrison 2009, p. 311.
- ^ Wilson 1994, p. 311.
- ISBN 9785425400468.
- ^ "Prokofiev biography: Twilight (1945–1953)". prokofiev.org. Archived from the original on 2012-01-20. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
- ^ "Lina Prokofiev, 91, Widow of the Composer". The New York Times. January 5, 1989. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
- ^ Norris, Geoffrey (23 January 2003). "My father was naïve". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 26 December 2005. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
Sources
- Chemberdjí, Valentina (2010). Lina Prokófiev: Una española en el gulag (in Spanish). Translated by Novosílzov, Natalia. Madrid: Siglo XXI de España Editores, S.A. ISBN 978-84-323-1416-2.
- ISBN 9780199830985.
- Morrison, Simon (2013). The Love and Wars of Lina Prokofiev: The Story of Lina and Serge Prokofiev. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4481-5626-9.
- Prokofiev, Sergei (2008). Diaries 1915–1923: Behind the Mask. Translated by Phillips, Anthony. London / Ithaca: Faber and Faber/Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-571-22630-6.
- Wilson, Elizabeth (1994). Shostakovich: A Life Remembered. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691029719.