List of DNA-tested mummies
 |
This is a purported list of ancient humans remains, including mummies, that may have been DNA tested. Provided as evidence of the testing are links to the mitochondrial DNA sequences, and/or to the human haplogroups to which each case has been assigned. Also provided is a brief description of when and where they lived.[according to whom?] Entries lacking a citation should be viewed with skepticism; in particular, cases with no sequence or haplogroup links, with citation, have no evidentiary basis for appearing.
mtDNA and YDNA tests
The following mummies have undergone mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) and YDNA tests, of remains with the indicated name, from the indicated locations:
| Name | Original Location of Remains |
Date Lived (years ago) |
Mitochondrial DNA sequence | mtDNA Haplogroup | Y-DNA Haplogroup
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paglicci 23 | Italy | 28,000[1] | CRS [2] | H[citation needed] | |
| Paglicci 25 | Italy | 23,000[3] | 7,025 AluI, 00073A, 11719G, 12308A [4] | HV[4] | |
| TAF009
TAF010 TAF011 TAF012 TAF013 TAF014 TAF015 |
Morocco | 15,100-13,900[5]
15,100-13,900[5] 15,100-13,900[5] 15,100-13,900[5] 15,100-13,900[5] 15,100-13,900[5] 15,100-13,900[5] |
U6a6b[5]
U6a7b[5] U6a7[5] U6a7[5] U6a7b[5] U6a1b[5]
|
E1b1b1a1b1[5]
E1b1b1a1[5] E1b1b1a1[5] N/A[5] E1b1b1a1[5] E1b1b1a1[5] E1b1b[5]
| |
| Cheddar Man | England | >9,000[citation needed] | 16192T,[citation needed] 16270T[citation needed] | U5b1[6]
|
I2-L38 (I2a2)[7]
|
Ötzi the Iceman
|
Austria/Italy | 5,300 [8] | K.[9][10] | G2a2b[11]
| |
| Nakht-Ankh | Egypt | 4,000[12] | M1a1[12] | ||
| Khnum-Nakht | Egypt | 4,000[12] | M1a1[12] | ||
Djehutynakht (10A)
|
Egypt | 4,000[13] | U5b2b5[13]
|
||
| Queen Tiye | Egypt | 3,390[14] | K[14] | ||
| JK2887
JK2134 JK2911 JK2888 |
Egypt | 3,410-3,333[15]
2,798-2,591[15] 2,791-2,582[15] 2,119-2,024[15] |
J2a1a1[15]
U6a2[15]
|
N/A[15]
E1b1b1a1b2[15]
| |
| Tel Shadud Canaanite Nobelman | Israel | 3,300[16] | R1b[16] | ||
| Tel Shadud specimen L126 | Israel | 3,300[16] | Haplogroup I5a1[16] | J[16] | |
| Tutankhamun | Egypt | 3,342[14] | K[14] | R1b[14] | |
| Ramesses III | Egypt | 3,200[17] | E1b1a[18]
| ||
| Pentawer | Egypt | 3,200[17] | E1b1a[18]
| ||
| Takabuti | Egypt | 2,600[19] | H4a1[19] | ||
| OM:KMM A 64
YM:KMM A 63 |
Egypt | 2,320[20]
2,300[20] |
T2c1a[20]
HV[20]
|
||
The Norwich Anglo-Saxon
|
England | 1,000[citation needed] | 16189A,[citation needed] 16223T,[citation needed] 16271C,[citation needed] 16278T[citation needed] | X[citation needed] | |
| Juanita the Ice Maiden | Peru | 500[citation needed] | 16111T, 16223T, 16290T, 16319A[21] | A[citation needed] | |
| Young Man of Byrsa | Tunisia | late 6th century BCE | U5b2c1[22]
|
||
| 500-year-old Inca child | Argentina | 500[23] | C1b[23] |
DNA tests
The following mummies have undergone DNA tests, of remains with the indicated name, from the indicated locations:[citation needed]
| Name | Original Location of Remains |
Date Lived (years ago) |
DNA sequence | Y-DNA Haplogroup
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thuya | Egypt | 3,390 | D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,
D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24] |
|
| Yuya | Egypt | 3,390 | D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,
D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24] |
|
| Tiye (Elder Lady KV35) | Egypt | 3,370 | D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,
D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24] |
|
| Amenhotep III | Egypt | 3,370 | D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,
D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24] |
|
| KV55 mummy | Egypt | 3,350 | D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,
D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24] |
|
| KV35 Younger Lady | Egypt | 3,390 | D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,
D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24] |
|
| Tutankhamun | Egypt | 3,340 | D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,
D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24] |
|
| KV21 Mummy A | Egypt | 3,340 | D13S317, D2S1338, D21S11,
D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24] |
|
| KV21 Mummy B | Egypt | 3,340 | D13S317, D2S1338,
D16S539, CSF1PO [24] |
|
KV62 Fetus 1
|
Egypt | 3,340 | D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,
D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24] |
|
KV62 Fetus 2
|
Egypt | 3,340 | D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,
D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24] |
See also
- Ancient DNA
- Cambridge Reference Sequence
- Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
- List of genetic results derived from historical figures
- List of mummies
References
- ^ Kambiz Kamrani (2006). "The 28,000 Year Old Paglicci 23 Cro-Magnon mtDNA Ain't Neandertal — It Is More Modern Than Anything Else". Anthropology.net. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
- PMID 18628960.
- ^ Mallegni, F; Bertoldi, F; Manolis, S.K. (1999). "The Gravettian female human skeleton from Grotta Paglicci, south Italy". HOMO: Journal of Comparative Human Biology. 50 (2): 127–148.
- ^ PMID 12743370.
- ^ PMID 29545507.
- bioRxiv 10.1101/267443.
- PMID 25731166.
- . Retrieved February 4, 2016.
- S2CID 13983702.
- PMID 19545382.
- PMID 22426219.
- ^ a b c d Ancient DNA results end 4,000-year-old Egyptian mummy mystery
- ^ PMID 29494531.
- ^ PMID 33059357.
- ^ PMID 28556824.
- ^ a b c d e The Canaanite Nobelman of Tel Shadud - Levantine R1b?
- ^ a b "Study reveals that Pharaoh's throat was cut during royal coup" (Press release). BMJ. 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
- ^ S2CID 206896841. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
- ^ a b "Shocking truth behind Takabuti's death revealed". Shocking truth behind Takabuti’s death revealed. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
- ^ PMID 31945091.
- ^ "Ancient DNA". www.isogg.org. International Society of Genetic Genealogy. 14 May 2005. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
- PMID 27224451.
- ^ PMID 26561991.
- ^ PMID 20159872.
Further reading
- Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen (August 3, 2005). "Mosaics of ancient mitochondrial DNA: positive indicators of nonauthenticity". European Journal of Human Genetics. 13 (10): 1106–1112. PMID 16077732.
- The Seven Daughters of Eve by Bryan Sykes.[clarification needed][full citation needed][pages needed]