List of Kazakh khans
Starting from the formation of the Kazakhs in the mid-15th century, the Kazakhs khans led both the unified Kazakh Khanate and later the three main Kazakh divisions. Khan is a title for a ruler used by nomadic and semi-nomadic groups throughout Central Asia.
The Kazakhs were originally members of the nomadic Uzbek tribes who, under the leadership of
After the death of Tauke Khan in 1718 the Kazakh Khanate ceased to exist as a unified entity. Instead, the three different jüz, or hordes, of the Kazakhs became independent units, each with their own khan.[3] Throughout the 18th century the Russians continued to expand into the steppe region. As part of diplomatic relations, the Kazakh khans, especially from the Junior jüz in the west, would declare allegiance to Russia and the tsar, though these declarations had no actual impact beyond words.[4] By the turn of the 19th century, however, the Russians began to exert authority over the Kazakhs and the position of khan. The Russians chose to not appoint a new khan for the Middle jüz after 1819 and abolished the position of khan in the Junior jüz after Shergazy Khan's death in 1824.
The Russians also effected the creation of a new line of khans, the "Inner Horde" or "Bokei jüz". This jüz was made up of members of the Junior jüz who were allowed in 1801 to use pastures west of the
In the 1840s a man named Kenesary, a descendant of Ablay Khan, launched a rebellion against Russian rule, which by this time extended across most of modern-day Kazakhstan. He was recognized by most Kazakh leaders as Kenesary Khan, and is considered in Kazakh histories today to be an official khan, though he was never recognized by the Russian authorities as such. Though the Russians pursued Kenesary for years across the steppe, he had broad support among the Kazakhs and as a result was able to eluded capture until 1847, when he was executed in northern Kyrgyzstan.[5]
The following list shows the known khans of the Kazakhs from 1456 to 1847.
Name | Ruling period | Name in Kazakh |
---|---|---|
Kerei | 1456–1473 | Керей, كيري |
Janibek | 1473–1480 | Жәнібек, جانيبك |
Burunduk | 1480–1511 | Бұрындық (Мұрындық), بورونديق |
Qasim | 1511–1518 | Қасым, قاسم |
Muhammed | 1518–1523 | Мұхаммед, محمد |
Tahir | 1523–1533 | Тахир, طاهر |
Buidash | 1533–1538 | Бұйдаш, بويداش |
Ahmed | 1533–1535 | Ахмед, أحمد |
Toghym | 1535–1537 | Тоғым, توغيم |
Haqnazar | 1538–1580 | Хақназар, حقنازار |
Shygai | 1580–1582 | Шығай, شیغای |
Tauekel | 1582–1598 | Тәуекел, تاوكل |
Esim | 1598–1628 | Есім, عاصم |
Jangir | 1628–1652 | Жәңгір, جهانگیر |
Batyr Khan | 1652-1680 | Батыр, بهادور |
Tauke |
1680–1715 | Тәуке, تاوكي |
Qaiyp | 1715–1718 | Қайып, كايب |
Bolat | 1718–1729 | Болат, بولات |
Abulmambet Khan | 1729–1771 | Әбілмәмбет, أبو المامبيت |
Ablai Khan | 1771–1781 | Әбілмансұр, أبو المنصور |
Kenesary Khan |
1841–1847 | Кенесары, كينيساري |
Name | Ruling period | Name in Kazakh |
---|---|---|
Abu'l-Khair | 1718–1748 | Әбілқайыр, أبو الخير |
Nur Ali |
1748–1786 | Нұр Әли, نور علي |
Eraly | 1791–1794 | Ералы, إيرالي |
Esim | 1795–1797 | Есім, عاصم |
Aishuaq | 1797–1805 | Айшуақ, ايشواق |
Sher Ghazi | 1812–1824 | Шер Ғази, شيرغازي |
Name | Ruling period | Name in Kazakh |
---|---|---|
Bokei | 1801–1815 | Бөкей, بوكي |
Shygai | 1815–1823 | Шығай, شیغای |
Jäñgir | 1823–1845 | Жәңгір, جهانگیر |
Name | Ruling period | Name in Kazakh |
---|---|---|
Sameke | 1719–1734 | Сәмеке, سميكي |
Abilmambet | 1734–1771 | Әбілмәмбет, أبو المامبيت |
Abu'l-Mansur | 1771–1781 | Әбілмансұр, أبو المنصور |
Wäli | 1781–1819 | Уәли, الوالي |
Gubaidullah | 1819–1822 | Ғұбайдуллаh, عبيد الله |
Name | Ruling period | Name in Kazakh |
---|---|---|
Kenesary |
1841–1847 | Кенесары, كينيساري |
Name | Ruling period | Name in Kazakh |
---|---|---|
Äbdiğapar Janbosynūly | 1916–1917 | Әбдіғаппар Жанбосынұлы, عبد الغبار جانبوسينولي |
Ospan Şolaqūly | 1916–1917 | Оспан Шолақұлы, وـســپــاـنـ شــوـلــاـكــوـۆ |
Notes
References
- Bregel, Yuri. A Historical Atlas of Central Asia Handbook of Oriental Studies: Part 8 Uralic & Central Asian Studies. (Leiden: Brill) 2003.
- Zholdaspaev, S. and D. Babaev. 7 klass - Istoriia srednevekogo Kazakhstana. (Almaty: Atamura) 2003.
- Kasymbaev, Zh. K. 8 klass - Istoriia Kazakhstana (XVIII vek-1914). (Almaty: Mektep) 2004.
- Test materials for History of Kazakhstan