List of World War I flying aces from the United States
 |
The following is a list of
United States of America who served in World War I
Overview
Even before the United States entry into World War I in April 1917, many Americans volunteered to serve in the armed forces of Great Britain and France. Many eventually found their ways into the
Aéronautique Militaire
(French Air Service). The British integrated the Americans into their existing squadrons, while the French set up separate American squadrons such as the Lafayette Escadrille and then the Lafayette Flying Corps, as well as integrated the pilots into existing squadrons.
When American Air Service units began reaching England and France in the fall of 1917, many of the Americans serving in British and French squadrons transferred to the American units, but not all. This list is separated such that American pilots who served in the Royal Flying Corps (later Royal Air Force) squadrons and Aéronautique Militaire are listed as such, while those who served only in the Air Service, United States Army Aero Squadrons are listed separately. Known American air aces that chose to remain with their British or French squadrons are also listed.
The British and French documented aerial victories in different ways. The British decided early in the war that since the majority of air combat occurred behind enemy lines, confirmation of aerial victories would be made by witnesses mostly in the front line trenches. If an aircraft was seen going down "out of control", then the pilot would be given credit for a victory as it was presumed the plane crashed in enemy territory.
The French implemented a strict system of victories being confirmed by independent observers, and an enemy plane had to be seen to fall in flames and crash; or be destroyed in the air. Unconfirmed victories were also noted if the enemy plane was seen to spin out of control but the final end was not observed. These unconfirmed victories were noted, but not included in a pilots score.
The Americans generally used the French rules of scoring aerial victories with the exception of the 17th and 148th Aero Squadrons, which were under British control until October, 1918. The pilots flying in those squadrons were scored under British rules. "Shared" victories were noted when two or more pilots attacked an enemy plane, and it could not be determined precisely which pilot shot down the aircraft.
Air aces
Pilots who scored five or more aerial victories were classified as "air aces". The lists below show the names; military rank; units in which they served, and miscellaneous notes along with the known decorations which they received.
Served with the Aéronautique Militaire
| Name | Rank | Units | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| William Terry Badham | Lieutenant | Escadrille AR.214 Escadrille BR.40 Escadrille BR.210 91st Aero Squadron |
5 victories (all shared) Flew as observer/gunner Transferred to Air Service, United States Army, December, 1917[1] Awarded:
|
| Paul Frank Baer | Lieutenant | 103d Aero Squadron
|
9 victories (2 shared) Transferred to Air Service, United States Army, February, 1918[1] Awarded:
|
| Frank Leaman Baylies | Lieutenant | Escadrille SPA.3
|
12 victories (3 shared) Killed in action: 17 June 1918[1] Awarded:
|
| James Dudley Beane | Lieutenant | Escadrille SPA.69 22d Aero Squadron
|
6 victories (4 shared) Transferred to Air Service, United States Army, August, 1918[1] Awarded: |
| Charles John Biddle | Major | 103d Aero Squadron
|
7 victories (4 shared); 1 unconfirmed. Transferred to Air Service, United States Army, February, 1918[1] Awarded:
|
| Thomas Gantz Cassady | Captain | Escadrille SPA.157 Escadrille SPA.163 103d Aero Squadron
|
9 victories (5 shared); 3 unconfirmed. Transferred to Air Service, United States Army, July, 1918[1] Awarded:
|
| James Alexander Connelly Jr. | Adjutant | Escadrille SPA.157 Escadrille SPA.163 |
7 victories (5 shared); 2 unconfirmed.[1] Awarded:
|
| Charles Gossage Grey | Captain | Escadrille SPA.93 Lafayette Flying Corps 213th Aero Squadron |
5 victories (3 shared) Air Service, United States Army , March, 1918Awarded:
|
| Lansing Colton Holden Jr. | Lieutenant | Escadrille N.461 95th Aero Squadron |
7 victories (1 shared)[1] Awarded:
|
| Gorman DeFreest Larner | Captain | Escadrille SPA.86 103d Aero Squadron
|
7 victories (4 shared) Air Service, United States Army , June, 1918Awarded:
|
Gervais Raoul Lufbery
|
Major | Escadrille VB.106 Escadrille N.124 (Lafayette Escadrille)
94th Aero Squadron |
16 victories (3 shared); 3 unconfirmed. Transferred to Air Service, United States Army, April, 1918; Killed in action: 17 June 1918[1] Awarded:
|
| Edwin Charles Parsons | Lieutenant | Escadrille SPA.3
|
8 victories (2 shared) Awarded:
|
| David McKelvey Peterson | Major | 6 victories (1 shared) Air Service, United States Army, February, 1918[1] Awarded:
| |
| William Thomas Ponder | Lieutenant | 103d Aero Squadron
|
6 victories (4 shared) Air Service, United States Army, February, 1918[1] Awarded: |
| David Endicott Putnam | Lieutenant | Escadrille SPA.38 Escadrille SPA.94 Escadrille SPA.156 139th Aero Squadron |
13 victories (2 shared); 16 unconfirmed. Transferred to Air Service, United States Army, May, 1918; Killed in action: 12 September 1918[1] Awarded:
|
| William Thaw II | Lieutenant Colonel | Escadrille D.6 Escadrille C.42 Escadrille N.65 3d Pursuit Group (Commander)
|
5 victories (3 shared); 2 unconfirmed. Transferred to Air Service, United States Army, June, 1918[1] Awarded:
|
| Remington D. B. Vernam | Lieutenant | Escadrille SPA.96 17th Aero Squadron |
6 victories (2 shared)[1] Awarded:
|
Served with the Royal Flying Corps (later Royal Air Force)
|
| Name | Rank | Units | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hilbert Leigh Bair | Lieutenant | No. 24 Squadron RAF 25th Aero Squadron |
6 victories (4 shared) Transferred to Air Service, United States Army, October, 1918[1] Awarded: |
| Louis Bennett Jr. | Lieutenant | No. 40 Squadron RAF | 12 victories (1 shared) Killed in action: 24 August 1918[1] |
| Charles Arthur Bissonette | Lieutenant | No. 24 Squadron RAF No. 64 Squadron RAF |
6 victories (1 shared)[1] |
| Harold Koch Boysen | Lieutenant | No. 66 Squadron RAF | 5 victories (3 shared)[1] Awarded:
|
| Sydney MacGillvary Brown× | Lieutenant | No. 29 Squadron RAF | 5 victories[1] Awarded: |
| Archibald Buchanan | Lieutenant | No. 210 Squadron RAF | 7 victories Royal Naval Air Service (prior to 1 April 1918) Killed in action: 30 October 1918 Awarded: |
| Henry Robinson Clay | Lieutenant | No. 43 Squadron RAF 41st Aero Squadron 148th Aero Squadron |
8 victories Transferred to Air Service, United States Army, September, 1918 Awarded:
|
| Lawrence Kingsley Callahan | Lieutenant | No. 85 Squadron RAF 148th Aero Squadron |
5 victories Transferred to Air Service, United States Army, November, 1918[1] Awarded:
|
| Alvin Andrew Callender | Captain | No. 32 Squadron RAF | 8 victories Killed in action: 30 October 1918[1] |
| Charles Gray Catto | Lieutenant | No. 45 Squadron RAF | 8 victories (2 shared)[1] |
| Eugene Seeley Coler | Lieutenant | No. 11 Squadron RAF | 16 victories (all shared with observer/gunner)[1] Awarded: |
Norman Cooper
|
Lieutenant | No. 73 Squadron RAF | 6 victories Awarded: |
| Roy Edward Dodds | Captain | No. 103 Squadron RAF No. 106 Squadron RAF |
7 victories Awarded: |
| John Owen Donaldson | Captain | No. 32 Squadron RAF | 7 victories[1] Awarded:
|
| Arthur Edmund Easterbrook | Lieutenant | 1st Aero Squadron
|
5 victories (all shared), Flew as observer/gunner Transferred to Air Service, United States Army, October, 1917[1] Awarded:
|
| Francis Warrington Gillet | Captain | No. 70 Squadron RAF | 20 victories[1] Awarded: |
| John McGavock Grider | Lieutenant | No. 85 Squadron RAF | 4 victories[40] Killed in action June 18th, 1918
|
| John Sharpe Griffith | Lieutenant | No. 60 Squadron RAF | 7 victories Awarded:
|
| Frank Lucien Hale | Captain | No. 32 Squadron RAF No. 85 Squadron RAF |
7 victories[1] Awarded: |
| Lloyd Andrews Hamilton | Lieutenant | No. 3 Squadron RAF 17th Aero Squadron |
10 victories (6 shared) Transferred to Air Service, United States Army, June, 1918 Killed in action: 24 August 1918[1] Awarded: |
| Harold Evans Hartney | Lieutenant Colonel | 1st Pursuit Group
|
7 victories (5 shared); 1 unconfirmed. Transferred to Air Service, United States Army, June, 1918[1] Awarded:
|
| Richard Alexander Hewat | Lieutenant | No. 19 Squadron RAF No. 67 Squadron RAF |
6 victories Killed in action: 14 August 1918[46] |
| Malcolm Clifford Howell | Lieutenant | No. 208 Squadron RAF | 5 victories (1 shared)[1] |
| Paul Thayer Iaccaci | Captain | No. 20 Squadron RAF | 17 victories (all shared with observer/gunner)[1] Awarded: |
| David Sinton Ingalls | Lieutenant | No. 213 Squadron RAF No. 217 Squadron RAF |
6 victories (5 shared) Detached from: United States Navy, only US Navy air ace in World War I[1] Awarded:
|
August Thayer Iaccaci
|
Captain | No. 20 Squadron RAF No. 48 Squadron RAF |
17 victories Awarded: |
| James Alfred Keating | Lieutenant | No. 49 Squadron RAF | 5 victories (all shared with observer/gunner)[1] Awarded: |
| Field Eugene Kindley | Captain | No. 65 Squadron RAF 148th Aero Squadron |
12 victories (2 shared), 1 unconfirmed Air Service, United States Army , August, 1918Awarded: |
| Duerson Knight | Lieutenant | No. 1 Squadron RAF | 10 victories (8 shared)[1] |
| Harold Albert Kullberg | Captain | No. 1 Squadron RAF | 19 victories (10 shared)[1] Awarded: |
William Carpenter Lambert
|
Captain | No. 24 Squadron RAF | 18 victories (5 shared)[1] Awarded: |
Reed Gresham Landis
|
Colonel | No. 40 Squadron RAF 25th Aero Squadron |
12 victories Transferred to Air Service, United States Army, October, 1918[1] Awarded:
|
| Jens Fredrick Larson | Captain | No. 8 Squadron RAF No. 34 Squadron RAF No. 84 Squadron RAF |
9 victories (2 shared)[1] |
Oliver Colin LeBoutillier
|
Captain | No. 9N Squadron RNAF No. 209 Squadron RAF |
10 victories (4 shared) Also: Royal Naval Air Service (1916-1918)[1] |
| Frederick Libby | Captain | 22d Aero Squadron
|
14 victories (all shared with observer/gunner) Transferred to Air Service, United States Army, August, 1918[1] Awarded: |
| Frederic Ives Lord | Captain | No. 79 Squadron RAF | 12 victories (1 shared)[1] Awarded:
|
| Frederick Ernest Luff | Lieutenant | No. 74 Squadron RAF 25th Aero Squadron |
5 victories Transferred to Air Service, United States Army, October, 1918[1] Awarded: |
| Emile John Lussier | Captain | No. 73 Squadron RAF | 11 victories (2 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| William John MacKenzie | Captain | Dunkirk Seaplane Defence Flight No. 9 Naval Squadron No. 213 Squadron RAF |
8 victories Royal Naval Air Service (prior to 1 April 1918) Awarded: |
| Francis Peabody Magoun | Lieutenant | No. 1 Squadron RAF | 5 victories (3 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| James William Pearson | Captain | No. 23 Squadron RAF | 12 victories (2 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| Cleo Francis Pineau | Lieutenant | No. 6 Squadron RAF | 6 victories[1] Awarded: |
| Orville Alfred Ralston | Lieutenant | No. 85 Squadron RAF 148th Aero Squadron |
5 victories (1 shared) Air Service, United States Army , September 1918Awarded:
|
| Bogart Rogers | Lieutenant | No. 32 Squadron RAF | 6 victories[1] |
| Oren John Rose | Captain | No. 92 Squadron RAF | 16 victories Awarded: |
| Evander Shapard | Lieutenant | No. 92 Squadron RAF | 6 victories (1 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| Harold Goodman Shoemaker | Lieutenant | No. 74 Squadron RAF 17th Aero Squadron |
5 victories (3 shared) Transferred to Air Service, United States Army, June, 1918[1]
|
| Walter Carl Simon | Lieutenant | No. 34 Squadron RAF No. 139 Squadron RAF |
8 victories (all shared with observer/gunner)[1] Awarded: |
| Elliott White Springs | Captain | No. 85 Squadron RAF 148th Aero Squadron |
16 victories (3 shared) Air Service, United States Army , September 1918Awarded: |
Edgar Taylor
|
Lieutenant | No. 79 Squadron RAF | 5 victories[1] Killed in action: 24 August 1918[69] |
| William Dolley Tipton | Lieutenant | No. 3 Squadron RAF 17th Aero Squadron |
5 victories (3 shared)[1] U.S. Air Force officially credits Tipton with 4 victories. Some have disputed the cited reference as possibly conflating the records of pilots William Dolley Tipton and William Duncan Tipton. |
| Kenneth Russell Unger | Lieutenant | No. 210 Squadron RAF | 14 victories (4 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| George Augustus Vaughn Jr. | Lieutenant | No. 84 Squadron RAF 17th Aero Squadron |
13 victories (7 shared) Air Service, United States Army , August 1918Awarded:
|
| Clive Wilson Warman | Captain | No. 23 Squadron RAF | 12 victories Awarded: |
Served with the Air Service, United States Army
|
| Name | Rank | Units | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clayton Lawrence Bissell | Captain | 22d Aero Squadron
148th Aero Squadron |
6 victories[1] Awarded:
* Squadron attached to RAF July–October 1918 |
| Arthur Raymond Brooks | Captain | 22d Aero Squadron
139th Aero Squadron |
6 victories (4 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| Harold Robert Buckley | Captain | 95th Aero Squadron | 5 victories (4 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| Howard Burdick | Lieutenant | 17th Aero Squadron | 8 victories (3 shared)[1] Awarded:
* Squadron attached to RAF June–October 1918 |
| Douglas Campbell | Lieutenant | 94th Aero Squadron | 6 victories (1 shared)[1] Awarded:
|
| Reed McKinley Chambers | Major | 94th Aero Squadron | 7 victories (2 shared)[1] Awarded:
|
| Everett Richard Cook | Captain | 91st Aero Squadron | 5 victories (all shared with observer/gunner)[1] Awarded:
|
| Harvey Weir Cook | Captain | 94th Aero Squadron | 7 victories (2 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| Hamilton Coolidge | Captain | 94th Aero Squadron | 8 victories (3 shared) Killed in Action: 27 October 1918[1] Awarded: |
| Jesse Orin Creech | Lieutenant | 148th Aero Squadron | 7 victories (2 shared)[1] Awarded:
* Squadron attached to RAF July–October 1918 |
| Edward Peck Curtis | Lieutenant | 95th Aero Squadron | 6 victories (5 shared)[1] Awarded:
|
| Charles Rudolph d'Olive | Captain | 141st Aero Squadron
|
5 victories (3 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| William Portwood Erwin | Lieutenant | 1st Aero Squadron
|
8 victories (all shared), Flew as observer/gunner[1] Awarded: |
| George Willard Furlow | Lieutenant | 103d Aero Squadron
|
5 victories (4 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| Harold Huston George | Lieutenant | 139th Aero Squadron | 5 victories (4 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| Murray Kenneth Guthrie | Lieutenant | 13th Aero Squadron | 6 victories (4 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| Edward Meeker Haight | Lieutenant | 139th Aero Squadron | 5 victories (4 shared)[1] Awarded:
|
| Leonard Coombes Hammond | Captain | 91st Aero Squadron | 6 victories (all shared); Flew as observer/gunner[1] Awarded:
|
| Frank Kerr Hays | Lieutenant | 13th Aero Squadron | 6 victories (4 shared)[1] Awarded:
|
| James Andrew Healy | Lieutenant | 147th Aero Squadron | 5 victories (3 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| Donald Hudson | Lieutenant | 27th Aero Squadron | 6 victories (5 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| Frank O'Driscoll Hunter | Captain | 103d Aero Squadron
|
9 victories (3 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| Clinton Leonard Jones Jr. | Lieutenant | 22d Aero Squadron
|
3 victories (3 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| Howard Clayton Knotts | Lieutenant | 17th Aero Squadron | 6 victories (1 shared)[1] Awarded:
* Squadron attached to RAF June–October 1918 |
| James Knowles Jr. | Lieutenant | 95th Aero Squadron | 5 victories (1 shared)[1] Awarded:
|
| Robert Opie Lindsay | Lieutenant | 139th Aero Squadron | 6 victories (5 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| Frank Luke Jr. | Lieutenant | 27th Aero Squadron | 18 victories (4 shared)[1] Killed in Action: 29 September 1918 Awarded: |
| John Knox MacArthur | Lieutenant | 27th Aero Squadron | 6 victories (3 shared)[1] Killed in Action: 20 July 1918 Awarded:
|
| James Armand Meissner | Captain | 94th Aero Squadron 147th Aero Squadron |
8 victories (4 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| Zenos Ramsey Miller | Lieutenant | 27th Aero Squadron | 5 victories**[1] Awarded:
* Became Prisoner of War, 20 July 1918 after shooting down two enemy aircraft during combat. Air Ace status confirmed in November 1918 after release |
| Ralph Ambrose O'Neill | Lieutenant | 147th Aero Squadron | 5 victories (5 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| John Sidney Owens | Lieutenant | 139th Aero Squadron | 5 victories (5 shared)[1] |
| Kenneth Lee Porter | Lieutenant | 147th Aero Squadron | 5 victories (4 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| Edward Vernon Rickenbacker | Captain | 94th Aero Squadron | 26 victories (4 shared)[1] Awarded:
|
| Wendel Archibald Robertson | Lieutenant | 139th Aero Squadron | 7 victories (6 shared)[1] |
| Leslie Jacob Rummell | Lieutenant | 93d Aero Squadron
|
7 victories (3 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| Karl John Schoen | Lieutenant | 139th Aero Squadron | 7 victories (7 shared)[1] Killed in action: 29 October 1918 Awarded: |
| John Joseph Seerley Jr. | Lieutenant | 13th Aero Squadron | 5 victories (5 shared)[1] |
| Sumner Sewall | Captain | 95th Aero Squadron | 7 victories (4 shared)[1] Awarded:
|
| Francis May Simonds | Lieutenant | 147th Aero Squadron | 5 victories (5 shared)[1] Awarded:
|
| Martinus Stenseth | Lieutenant | 28th Aero Squadron | 8 victories (3 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| William Howard Stovall | Lieutenant | 13th Aero Squadron | 6 victories (3 shared)[1] Awarded: |
| Victor Herbert Strahm | Major | 91st Aero Squadron | 5 victories (5 shared with observer/gunner)[1] Awarded:
|
| Jacques Michael Swaab | Lieutenant | 22d Aero Squadron
|
10 victories (3 shared)[1] Awarded:
|
| Edgar Gardner Tobin | Lieutenant | 103d Aero Squadron
|
2 victories (2 shared), 1 unconfirmed[1] Awarded: |
| Robert Miles Todd | Lieutenant | 17th Aero Squadron | 5 victories (2 shared)[1] |
| Jerry Cox Vasconcells | Captain | 27th Aero Squadron 185th Aero Squadron |
6 victories (1 shared)[1] Awarded:
|
| Joseph Frank Wehner | Lieutenant | 27th Aero Squadron | 6 victories (3 shared)[1] Killed in Action: 18 September 1918 Awarded:
|
| Wilbert Wallace White | Lieutenant | 147th Aero Squadron | 8 victories (2 shared)[1] Killed in action: 10 October 1918 Awarded: |
| Chester Ellis Wright | Lieutenant | 93d Aero Squadron
|
9 victories (5 shared)[1] Awarded: |
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg Franks & Bailey (1992)
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- ^ "Arthur Edmond Easterbrook". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
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- ^ Smithsonian
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- ^ "August Thayer Iaccaci". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
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- ^ a b "William Carpenter Lambert". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
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- ^ "Frederick Libby". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "Frederic Earnest Luff". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "Emile John Lussier". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "William John MacKenzie". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "Francis Peabody Magoun". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "James William Pearson". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "Cleo Francis Pineau". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "Orville Alfred Ralston". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "Oren John Rose". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "Evander Shapard". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "Walter Carl Simon". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "Elliott White Springs". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "Edgar Taylor". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "Kenneth Russell Unger". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "George Augustus Vaughn". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ Fowler, Glenn (August 2, 1989). "George Vaughn, 92, World War I Air Ace And School Founder". The New York Times. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
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- ^ "Clayton Lawrence Bissell". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
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- ^ "Harold Robert Buckley". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "Valor awards for Harold Robert Buckley". Military Times. Archived from the original on November 18, 2013. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "Howard Burdick". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
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- ^ "Reed McKinley Chambers". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
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- ^ "Valor awards for Everett Richard Cook". Military Times. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "Harvey Weir Cook". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
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- ^ "Hamilton Coolidge". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
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- ^ "Frank Kerr Hays". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "Valor awards for Frank Kerr Hays". Military Times. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
- ^ "James Andrew Healy". The Aerodrome. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
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Bibliography
- ISBN 978-1-84176-375-0.
- Franks, Norman & Bailey, Frank W. (1992). Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. London, UK: Grub Street. ISBN 978-0-948817-54-0.