28th Aero Squadron
28th Aero Squadron | |
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Curtiss JN-4 , 1917 |
Service record | |
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Operations |
3d Pursuit Group
Western Front, France: 22 August – 11 November 1918[2]
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Victories |
Air Aces: 2[5]
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The 28th Aero Squadron was a United States Army Air Service unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I.
The squadron was assigned as a Day Pursuit (Fighter) Squadron as part of the
The current United States Air Force unit which holds its lineage and history is the 28th Bomb Squadron, assigned to the 7th Operations Group, Dyess Air Force Base, Texas.[8]
History
Origins
The squadron was first assembled at Kelly Field, San Antonio, Texas, on 10 February 1917. At the time, there were about 20 men assigned to the unit. The first few months were spent on learning the rudiments of soldiering, and it was not until 22 June that the squadron received its official designation.[3]
Orders were received that the squadron would be attached to the British
At the end of October, the squadron was re-assembled at Leaside. New orders were received and the 28th was transferred to Everman Field (#1),
On 21 January 1918 the squadron was ordered to proceed to Garden City, Long Island, New York for overseas deployment. The 22d arrived on the 26th. Due to an epidemic of fever, the squadron was immediately quarantined, although the men was allowed to spend time in New York City as passes were plentiful. Finally on 25 February, the squadron was embarked on the troop transport HMS 527, better known as the White Star Liner RMS Olympic[9] at New York Harbor, Pier 54. The trans-Atlantic trip was uneventful until the second day out of Liverpool, England when the ship was picked up by four US Navy destroyers. That afternoon, all on board were suddenly alarmed by a heavy explosion, followed by several smaller detonations which shook the big ship from bow to stern. A German U-boat was being attacked by the destroyers, with one of them passing directly over the destroyer, dropping depth charges in the attack. The trip to England ended the next day about noon, however the 22d did not disembark the ship until the following morning, 6 March 1918.[3]
After disembarking, the squadron was marched from the docks to the Liverpool railway station where it boarded a London and North Western Railway train which took them to Winchester in Hampshire, near the south coast of England. Arriving in the late afternoon the squadron was moved to the Romsey Rest Camp. At Romsey, the squadron was split up into four flights and the pilots were ordered transferred to Royal Air Force Airdromes in England for combat flying training. On 17 March the non-flying personnel were moved to the Southampton docks and embarked on the Channel boat "Archimdos", leaving about 18:30. Overnight was spent on the boat and daybreak found the ship in the harbor of Le Havre, Upper Normandy, France. The men disembarked about 16:30 and were moved to a rest camp on the hills above the city.[3]
Training in France
At the rest camp, orders were received for "C" Flight to proceed to
The officers and men were growing accustomed to the work and surroundings when the German
By the end of June, rumors were persistent that the 28th Squadron would be re-assembled and work at a unit. These rumors turned out to be true and on the 24th the squadron was re-assembled at Wizernes aerodrome, near St. Omer, and then proceeded by train to the 3rd Aviation Instruction Center, on Issoudun Aerodrome, arriving on the 28th. Here, the men were placed in training for major aircraft repair, and were hard at work learning new skills. On 7 July, the squadron was moved to Orly, Paris for additional training. Also at Orly, the Air Echelon, which had been training with the RAF was reassigned to the squadron. On 14 July, the squadron entrained at Paris for Toul to return to the front.[3]
Combat operations
The 28th Aero Squadron arrived at
Additional bombing and strafing attacks with machine guns on roads and troop encampments were made for the next two days as part of the Offensive, and on 15 September a special mission came through for one plane to take off at 10:45. This mission was to attack an enemy observation balloon north-east of
On 20 September, the squadron was moved to Lisle-en-Barrois aerodrome, about 30 miles to the north-west of Vaucouleurs to move closer to the front after the advance from St. Mihiel. Following several non-flying days due to rain, defense patrols along the line in this sector continued until 26 September when eight aircraft flew a reconnaissance mission deep behind German lines to the area around Hernoment in which a long train was spotted heading south. A large number of trucks were also seen and reported back upon return. Another patrol by the squadron to escort seven DH.4s on a bombing mission. Seven German Fokkers were intercepted, however no aircraft were shot down by either side.[citation needed]
With the Meuse-Argonne offensive starting on 26 September, more bomber escort missions were undertaken though the end of the month. Combat missions were undertaken throughout October supporting the offensive with bombing and escort missions over enemy territory in support of First Army. On 6 November orders were received to move the squadron to a new Airdrome at
The last patrols of the war were carried out on the morning of 10 November when bombing raids was ordered to attack any of these following points: Merge, Meulin, Billy, Seus Magines, St. Laurent, Marville, Quiny, Lamsuilly, Reute, Feucaucourt, Verdun Etain, Maranville, and Feuancourt. The 28th carried out escort missions for the bombers and also machine-gunned enemy troops and vehicles when located. Upon the return of the aircraft that afternoon a great joy spread over the entire field and everyone was out to greet the good news about the pending armistice. The pilots and staff of the squadron celebrated by gathering in the mess hall and "had a jovial time". A patrol was scheduled for the early morning of 11 November, however it was cancelled due to rain. As 11:00, it was announced by the Squadron Commander that flying over enemy territory would cease from that moment on, as the armistice had been signed and the war was over.[3]
Demobilization
After the signing of the Armistice on 11 November 1918, the 28th Aero Squadron awaited demobilization. On 16 April 1919 orders were received from HQ AEF that the Second Army Air Service was being demobilized and for the squadron to report to the 1st Air Depot,
Personnel at Colombey were subsequently assigned to the commanding general, services of supply, and ordered to report to a staging camp at Le Mans, France. There, personnel awaited scheduling to report to one of the Base Ports in France for transport to the United States.[11] Sailing from Brest aboard the USS Liberator on 3 June, the 12th arrived at Garden City, New York, on 17 June 1919[12] The squadron was demobilized on 16 June 1919.[7][8]
Lineage
- Organized as 28th Aero Squadron on 22 June 1917
Commanding officers
- Captain J. R. Alfonte
- Major P. Frissell: 14 July 1917
- Major C. A. Brown
- Captain C. Maury Jones[citation needed]
Assignments
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Stations
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- Hazebrouck Airdrome, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, 20 March 1918
- Ground Echelon separated into Flights for support training with RAF
Headquarters and "A" Flight
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"B" Flight
"C" Flight
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Combat sectors and campaigns
Streamer | Sector/Campaign | Dates | Notes |
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Somme Defensive Campaign
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21 March – 6 April 1918 | [14] | |
Lys Defensive Campaign
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9–27 April 1918 | [14] | |
Ypres Sector (Belgium) | 28 April – 24 June 1918 | [14] | |
Champagne-Marne Defensive Campaign
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15–18 July 1918 | [14] | |
Aisne-Marne Offensive Campaign
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18 July – 6 August 1918 | [14] | |
Toul Sector | 2–11 September 1918 | [14] | |
St. Mihiel Offensive Campaign
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12–16 September 1918 | [14] | |
Meuse-Argonne Offensive Campaign
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26 September – 11 November 1918 | [14] |
Notable personnel
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DSC:
See also
References
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
- ^ ISBN 978-0-948817-54-0.
- ^ Series "H", Section "O", Volume 29, Weekly Statistical Reports of Air Service Activities, October 1918 – May 1919. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Series "E", Volume 7, History of the 28th-43d Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
- ^ a b c Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, Series M, Volume 38, Compilation of Confirmed Victories and Losses of the AEF Air Service as of 26 May 1919
- ^ 28th Aero [email protected]
- ^ "Maurer, Maurer (1978), The US Air Service in World War I, The Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF Washington" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
- ^ a b Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the First World War, Volume 3, Part 3, Center of Military History, United States Army, 1949 (1988 Reprint)
- ^ a b c d e AFHRA 28th Bomb Squadron lineage and history Archived 14 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ also known as His Majesty's Transport 2810 during her wartime service
- ^ This reassignment, or the move to Foucaucourt, have to be confirmed, because all 3rd PG's squadrons moved to Foucaucourt, whereas 2nd PG's ones stayed at Belrain Aerodrome...
- ^ a b Series "D", Weekly Statistical Reports of Air Service Activities, October 1918 – May 1919. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
- ^ Series "O", Volume 22, Weekly Statistical Reports on progress of Air Service Activities, October 1918 – May 1919. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
- ^ This comes from Maurer Maurer's "Combat Squadrons...", but the whole 3rd PG moved to Foucaucourt on 6 November, as the 28th Squadron, while 2rd PG stayed at Belrain until being demobilized early December
- ^ a b c d e f g h United States War Department (1920), Battle Participation of Organizations of the American Expeditionary Forces in France, Belgium and Italy, 1917–1919, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1920
- ^ "Military Times Hall of Valor Search, 28th Aero Squadron". Archived from the original on 3 September 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2013.