List of sorghum diseases
This article is a list of diseases of
Bacterial
Bacterial diseases | |
---|---|
Bacterial leaf spot | Pseudomonas syringae |
Bacterial leaf streak | Xanthomonas campestris pv. holcicola |
Bacterial leaf stripe | Burkholderia andropogonis
|
Fungi
Fungal diseases | |
---|---|
Acremonium wilt |
Acremonium strictum |
Anthracnose (foliar, head, root and stalk rot) |
|
Charcoal rot | |
Crazy top downy mildew |
Sclerophthora macrospora |
Damping-off and seed rot |
Aspergillus spp. |
Ergot |
|
Fusarium head blight, root and stalk rot |
Other Fusarium spp. |
Grain storage mold |
Aspergillus spp. |
Gray leaf spot | |
Latter leaf spot | |
Leaf blight |
Setosphaeria turcica |
Milo disease (Periconia root rot) | |
Oval leaf spot | |
Pokkah Boeng (twisted top) |
|
Pythium root rot |
Pythium graminicola |
Rough leaf spot | |
Rust | |
Seedling blight and seed rot |
|
Smut, covered kernel |
Sporisorium sorghi |
Smut, head |
|
Smut, loose kernel |
Sporisorium cruentum |
Sooty stripe | |
Sorghum downy mildew |
Peronosclerospora sorghi |
Tar spot | |
Target leaf spot |
Bipolaris cookei |
Zonate leaf spot and sheath blight |
Nematodes
Nematodes, parasitic | |
---|---|
Awl | Dolichodorus spp. |
Dagger, American | Xiphinema americanum |
Lesion | Pratylenchus spp. |
Needle | Longidorus africanus and other species |
Pin | Paratylenchus spp. |
Reniform | Rotylenchus spp. |
Ring | Criconemella spp. |
Root-knot | Meloidogyne spp.
|
Spiral | Helicotylenchus spp. |
Sting | Belonolaimus longicaudatus |
Stubby-root | |
Stunt |
Viruses
Viral diseases | |
---|---|
Maize chlorotic dwarf | Maize chlorotic dwarf virus |
Maize dwarf mosaic | Maize dwarf mosaic virus |
Sugarcane mosaic | Sugarcane mosaic virus |
Phytoplasma
Viral diseases | |
---|---|
Yellow sorghum stunt | Yellow sorghum stunt phytoplasma |
Insects
Insect pests include:[1]
Root feeders
- White grubs
- Tenebrionidae)
- underground burrowing bugs, Stibaropus spp.
- termites
- Odontotermes spp.
- Microtermes sp.
- ants
Seedling pests
- shoot fly, Atherigona soccata
- cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon
Stem borers and leaf feeders
- spotted stalk borer, Chilo partellus
- pink borer, Sesamia inferens
- armyworm, Mythimna separata
- Spodoptera exempta
- caterpillars
- chrysomelid leaf beetles Chaetocnema indica, Longitarsus spp., and Phyllotreta chotonica
- ash weevil Myllocerus undecimpustulatus maculosus
- grasshoppers,
- grasshopper Conocephalus maculatus (eastern India)
- grasshopper Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus (western India)
Sucking pests
- shoot bug maize stripe virus(MStpV))
- corn aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis
- sugarcane leafhopper Pyrilla perpusilla
- hemipterous bugs, Cletus punctiger, Dolycoris indicus, Empoasca flavescens, Lygaeus spp., Menida histrio, Nephotettix virescens, and Nezara viridula
- thrips, especially Caliothrips indicus, Sorghothrips jonnaphilus
Earhead pests
- sorghum midge Stenodiplosis sorghicola
- earhead bug Calocoris angustatus
- bugs, like Dysdercus koenigii and Nezara viridula
- lepidopteran caterpillars are found feeding on developing grains:
- maize cob borer Stenachroia elongella, especially in east India
- beetle species, Mylabris pustulata, and Cylindrothorax tenuicollis
Grain pests
- Sitophilus spp. (attacks stored grains)
Africa
The following pest species are reported for sorghum crops in northern Mali.[2]
- Atherigona soccata (sorghum shoot fly, a major pest): The larvae cut the growing point of the sorghum leaf.
- Agonoscelis pubescens is also reported as a sorghum pest.
- Busseola fusca (maize stem-borer; Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) attacks maize and sorghum, and occurs especially at higher altitudes. It is a common pest in East Africa, but has also spread to West Africa.
- Chilo partellus (spotted stem-borer; Lepidoptera, Crambidae): introduced, from East Africa but spreading. The larvae attack sorghum and maize. Present at low and mid altitudes.
- Contarinia sorghicola (sorghum midge or cecidomyie du sorgho in French; Diptera, Cecidomyiidae): The adult resembles mosquitoes. Larvae feed on developing ovaries of sorghum grains.
- Melanaphis sacchari (sugar cane aphid) attacks sorghum.