Liverpool Castle
Liverpool Castle | |
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General information | |
Architectural style | Fortified manor house |
Town or city | Liverpool, Merseyside |
Country | England |
Coordinates | 53°24′18″N 2°59′20″W / 53.404934°N 2.988891°W |
Construction started | 1232 |
Completed | 1237 |
Demolished | 1726 |
Client | William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby |
Liverpool Castle was a castle in Liverpool, England, that stood from the early 13th century to the early 18th century (1237–1726).
Construction
The castle was probably erected in the 1230s, between 1232 and 1235, under the orders of
Description
The castle was built on top of a plateau, which had been specially constructed, and a moat measuring 20 yards (18 m) was cut out of solid rock. The main building of the castle consisted of the gatehouse flanked by two towers at the north-east corner which faced Castle Street; three round towers at the three remaining corners, one being added at a later date than the others, in 1442. Four curtain walls connected the four towers; the northern and southern walls were recessed to allow them to be commanded from the towers. Inside the castle were a hall and chapel, which were connected to the south-western tower, and a brewhouse and bakehouse. There was also a passage which ran under the moat toward the edge of the river. The courtyard was divided by a wall built running from the north wall to the south wall. Underneath the castle walls stood a dovecot, and an orchard ran from the castle to the Pool in the east.[2]
History
Upon the death of
It was under the administration of Thomas that Liverpool progressed steadily. The earl did not bestow much worth on the borough of Liverpool and in 1315, he granted the castle and the land to
Sir Richard Molyneux was appointed constable of the castle in 1440, and the title was made hereditary five years later. In 1442, the castle was strengthened by the addition of a fourth tower in the south-east corner to the cost of £46 13s 10¼d.[2] On 2 October 1559 the castle is stated as being "in utter ruin and decay". The Great Tower had a slate roof and it was suggested to be used as storage for the court rolls. It was decided that the castle would undergo repairs costing around £150,[5] "otherwaies it were a grate defacement unto the said towne of Litherpole".[2]
St George's Church Liverpool Act 1715 | |
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Act of Parliament | |
Dates | |
Royal assent | 30 August 1715 |
During the reign of
Replica
At Lever Park in Rivington (near Chorley), Sir William Lever built a scale replica of Liverpool Castle, a folly known as Rivington Castle.[8] Building started in 1912. The replica, which was not completed, was based on a conjectural reconstruction of the castle prepared by E. W. Cox in 1892.[9]
References
- ^ "Monument to Queen Victoria". Liverpool World Heritage. City of Liverpool. Archived from the original on February 29, 2012. Retrieved February 4, 2013.
- ^ a b c d "'Liverpool: The castle and development of the town', A History of the County of Lancaster". British History Online. 1911. pp. 4–36. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
- ^ Cox, E.W. "Liverpool Castle". www.cantab.net. Journal of Geomancy.
- ^ "Standish History 1315". Standish-history.org.uk. Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2006.
- ^ a b c "Mike Royden's Local History Pages". Mike Royden. Archived from the original on 30 May 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ^ Stewart-Brown, R (1930). The Pool of Liverpool. Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire. p. 105.
- ^ "The Courts". Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
- ^ Historic England. "Rivington Castle (1164955)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
- ISSN 0140-332X.
Further reading
- OCLC 1164289.
- Royden, Mike (2017), 'Liverpool Castle' in Tales from the 'Pool, Creative Dreams, ISBN 978-0993552410