MDMB-4en-PINACA

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MDMB-4en-PINACA
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • methyl (S)-3,3-dimethyl-2-(1-(pent-4-en-1-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)butanoate
JSmol)
  • O=C(N[C@@H](C(C)(C)C)C(OC)=O)C1=NN(CCCC=C)C2=C1C=CC=C2
  • InChI=1S/C20H27N3O3/c1-6-7-10-13-23-15-12-9-8-11-14(15)16(22-23)18(24)21-17(19(25)26-5)20(2,3)4/h6,8-9,11-12,17H,1,7,10,13H2,2-5H3,(H,21,24)/t17-/m1/s1
  • Key:LWOCBHBFWNGPGM-QGZVFWFLSA-N

MDMB-4en-PINACA

synthetic cannabinoid that has been sold online as a designer drug.[3][4][5][6][7][8] MDMB-4en-PINACA was first identified in Europe in 2017.[9] In 2021, MDMB-4en-PINACA was the most common synthetic cannabinoid identified by the Drug Enforcement Administration in the United States.[10] MDMB-4en-PINACA differs from 5F-MDMB-PINACA due to replacement of 5-fluoropentyl with a pent-4-ene moiety (4-en).[11]

Pharmacology

It acts as a potent

CB1 receptor with an EC50 value of 2.47 nM.[12][13][14][15] MDMB-4en-PINACA has been reported to be approximately 2.5x to 3x+ (2.47 nM, 239%) stronger (by CB1 activated β-arrestin 2 recruitment) than JWH-018 (25.3 nM, 100%) with over 10x the binding affinity than JWH-018 in vitro.[16]

In a review of in vitro MDMB-4en-PINACA studies showed an EC50 of 1.88–2.47 nM, an Emax of 221–299% (compared to JWH-018), and a Ki value of 0.28nM on the CB1 receptor[17] and appears to be 7x more selective for the CB2 receptor over the CB1 receptor[18] MDMB-4en-PINACA has an in vitro half-life of approximately 10 minutes[19] but has been reported in human urine samples up to an hour after consumption, producing 14 metabolites which may have their own pharmacological activity and be used in identification of MDMB-4en-PINACA consumption.[20]

Toxicity and compositions

There has been more than 15 deaths associated with use of MDMB-4en-PINACA[21]

MDMB-4en-PINACA has been implicated in the death of a 26 year old in combination with 4F-ABUTINACA (N-(4-fluorobutyl) APINACA). The 26 year old reported headache and angina before death and was noted to have a weak pulse and death-rattle like noisy breathing after collapsing to the floor. An autopsy 5 days after death found a peripheral blood content of 7.2 ng/mL for MDMB-4en-PINACA and 9.1 ng/mL for 4F-ABUTINACA and identified brain edema, internal congestion, petechial bleeding, pleural ecchymoses, and blood fluidity.[22]

MDMB-4en-PINACA has been implicated in the death of a 35 year old. An autopsy found MDMB-4en-PINACA and one of its metabolites (MDMB-4en-PINACA 3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid) in peripheral blood at a level of 0.4 μg/L and 5.7 μg/L and 0.5 μg/L and 11.6 μg/L in cardiac blood. Urine contained 2.1 μg/L for the metabolite, and a detection below level of quantification for MDMB-4en-PINACA itself.[23]

Adulterated Cannabis products in Europe that have been laced with MDMB-4en-PINACA have contained 0.3 to 4.6 µg/mg in seized flower samples and 1.7 to 7.2 µg/mg in hash/or other extract samples.[24]

Adulterated Cannabis products in Italy that have been laced with MDMB-4en-PINACA have contained 0.4 up to 6.3 mg/g[25]

MDMB-4en-PINACA has been detected in heroin and fentanyl sold on the streets in Massachusetts.[26]

MDMB-4en-PINACA powder can range in color from white or yellow or brown or orange.

The methyl 3,3-dimethylbutanoate "head" moiety of MDMB-4en-PINACA has been implicated in higher CB1 potency but also toxicity compared to other "head" moiety groups such as the naphthene "head" moiety of JWH-018 and AM-2201 and the 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl (or 3-tetramethylcyclopropylmethanone) "head" moiety of UR-144 and XLR-11[27]

Legal status

Sweden's public health agency suggested classifying MDMB-4en-PINACA as a hazardous substance, on December 18, 2019.[28]

In the United States, the DEA has temporarily placed MDMB-4en-PINACA into Schedule I status starting on December 12, 2023 for up to 2 years, during which it's possible the DEA could file for permanent scheduling within those 2 years. If the DEA does not file to permanent placement the temporary Schedule I order will expire on December 12, 2025.[29]

North Dakota has placed MDMB-4en-PINACA into Schedule I on 04/27/2023.[30]

See also

References

  1. ^ Anvisa (2023-07-24). "RDC Nº 804 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 804 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-07-25). Archived from the original on 2023-08-27. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
  2. S2CID 253396419
    .
  3. S2CID 209393242
    .
  4. ^ "MDMB-4en-PINACA". www.caymanchem.com.
  5. PMID 32091101
    .
  6. S2CID 247501663
    .
  7. S2CID 250281976
    .
  8. S2CID 251281159
    .
  9. ^ Expert Committee on Drug Dependence (October 2020). "Critical Review Report: MDMB-4en-PINACA" (PDF). World Health Organization.
  10. ^ "Emerging Threat Report" (PDF). Drug Enforcement Administration. 2021.
  11. ^ "ANALYTICAL REPORT MDMB-PINACA N1-pentyl-4-en isomer" (PDF). www.policija.si.
  12. S2CID 222148050
    .
  13. S2CID 227246346
    .
  14. PMID 33787091
    .
  15. PMID 33769699
    .
  16. S2CID 222148050
    .
  17. PMID 37624178
    .
  18. PMID 36154844
    .
  19. ISBN 978-92-9497-642-0
    .
  20. PMID 32091101
    .
  21. ^ "Risk Assessment Report on a new psychoactive substance: methyl 3,3-dimethyl-2-{[1-(pent-4-en-1-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl]amino}butanoate (MDMB-4en-PINACA)" (PDF). The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). November 2020. In accordance with Article 5c of Regulation (EC) No 1920/2006 (as amended)
  22. PMID 37624178
    .
  23. doi:10.1016/j.toxac.2022.06.142
    .
  24. PMID 34997693
    .
  25. S2CID 249396142
    .
  26. ^ "Synthetic Cannabinoid "MDMB-4en-PINACA" detected in Heroin/Fentanyl/Dope" (PDF). Street Narcotic Update. Massachusetts Drug Supply Data Stream (MADDS).
  27. PMID 37847546
    .
  28. ^ "Tjugotre ämnen föreslås klassas som narkotika eller hälsofarlig vara" [Twenty-three substances are proposed to be classified as narcotics or health hazards]. Folkhälsomyndigheten [The Public Health Authority] (in Swedish). 18 December 2019. Archived from the original on 19 December 2019.
  29. ^ "Federal Register :: Request Access".
  30. ^ "AN ACT to amend and reenact sections 19-03.1-05, 19-03.1-11, and 19-03.1-13 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to the scheduling of controlled substances; and to declare an emergency" (PDF). Sixty-eighth Legislative Assembly of North Dakota in Regular Session. 3 January 2023.
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