Major adverse cardiovascular events
Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, or major adverse cardiac events) is a composite endpoint frequently used in cardiovascular research.[1][2] Despite widespread use of the term in clinical trials, the definitions of MACE can differ, which makes comparison of similar studies difficult.[3]
Definition
The so-called "classical 3-point MACE" is defined as a composite of nonfatal
The heterogeneity of the sets defining MACE, hampering systematic reviews and meta-analyses, has been repeatedly criticized.[8][9][10]
Risk factors for MACE
Which conditions are risk factors for MACE depends on some characteristics of the investigated cohort. Established risk indicators in the general population include age, pre-existing
Therapeutic interventions
Two reviews have concluded that SGLT2 inhibitors benefit patients with atherosclerotic MACE.[18][19] One of those studies defined MACE as the composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death.[18] Other studies have shown MACE to be potently predicted by levels of ceramide found in patients.[20]
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