Mangystau Region
Mangystau Province
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Area codes +7 (729) | | |
ISO 3166 code | KZ-MAN | |
Vehicle registration | 12, R | |
Districts | 5 | |
Cities | 3 | |
Townships | 6 | |
Villages | 30 | |
Website | mangystau |
Mangystau (
Geography
The region is located in the southwest of the country, and includes Mangyshlak Peninsula. It has much of Kazakhstan's Caspian Shore. It also borders neighboring countries Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Mangystau also borders two other Kazakh regions (counter-clockwise), Aktobe Region and Atyrau Region. The area of the region is 165,600 square kilometers. Engineers discovered petroleum in the area in the days of the Soviet Union, drilling commenced, and much of the area was built up around the industry.
The territory of Mangystau includes varied landscapes and desert lands: Caspian lowland, plateaus (Usturt, Mangyshlak, Kendirli-Kayasan), mountains (Aktau, Karatau), cavities, desert, mountains and mountain ridges. That kind of landscape forms an original multigraded labyrinth, painted with green, yellow, pink and red sediment of loam. The highest point is Otpan mountain at 556 metres (1,824 ft). The lowest point is the bottom of Karagie cavity, 132 metres (433 ft) below sea level.
Climate
The region has a wide variety of climate conditions. North Mangystau is cold in winter due to the Ustyurt Plateau, the location of the plateau being mainly above sea level. On the whole, the climate is continental with cold winters and mild summers. The average temperature is −3 °C (27 °F) in January and +26 °C (79 °F) in July. The average annual rainfall is 150 millimetres (5.9 in).
Paleontology
History
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1979 | 248,842 | — | ||
1989 | 324,243 | +2.68% | ||
1999 | 314,669 | −0.30% | ||
2009 | 485,392 | +4.43% | ||
2021 | 719,559 | +3.34% | ||
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Source: Citypopulation[7] |
The first written sources on Mangystau Region date back to the 9th century AD.[
In 1221, the Mongols occupied it. It was later passed to successively
In 1670, Anusha Khan who was the khan of Khiva asked the Russian government to build a fortress to protect the peninsula for securing trade between Russia and Khwarezm. Puntsuk Monchak and Ayuka (1670-1724) deported most of the Cawdor and Igdir groups of Turkmenistan to the Volga basin. For protecting trade, Anusha Khan annexed it to his territories in 1676 and built a fort at the port of Karagan in 1687.
The Russians under Peter the Great sent an expedition led by the unfortunate Bekovich-Cherkassky, who established three forts on the coast of the Caspian Sea, but they were abandoned after one year. Then there were several Russian scientific expeditions. In 1834 they founded on the south coast of the Bay of Mertviy Kultuk a permanent garrison at Novo-Petrovskoye. This caused a conflict with the Khan of Khiva and an abortive military campaign between 1839 and 1840. During this period, the Bayuli tribe of the Kazakhs settled and the remaining Turkmens left it in 1840 except a group of families of the Cawdor tribe.
The peninsula was subject to conflict between Khiva and Russia; each party wanted to have the Kazakhs. In 1846, the Russians built a fort in Karagan named Novo-Petrovskoye that in 1859 was renamed Fort Alexandrovskiy. Russian domination of it began with the occupation of
The fate of the government following the 1917 revolution was in the hands of the Mensheviks. After the
In 1937, this peninsula became part of Gur'yev Oblast with the Kazakh part of Ustyurt Plateau, and a new department[clarification needed] was formed with its capital Fort-Shevchenko.[citation needed] Its current capital was founded as Shevchenko in 1964.[citation needed] In 1973, the area split from Gur’yev oblast and was named Mangyshlak Oblast. This earlier version of the region was liquidated in 1988 but was restored in 1990 with the new name, Mangystau Oblast. After the independence of Kazakhstan, its capital was renamed from Shevchenko to Aqtau.
Administrative divisions
The region is administratively divided into five districts and two cities of regional significance:
are:District | Population 1999 Census |
Population 2009 Census |
Population 2018 Estimate |
Administrative centre |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aqtau[10] |
144,798 | 169,809 | 186,353 | |
Zhanaozen[11] | 63,337 | 113,014 | 147,962 | |
Beyneu | 26,548 | 46,937 | 68,285 | the auyl/village of Beyneu |
Mangystau | 29,024 | 31,215 | 38,553 | the auyl/village of Shetpe |
Munaily | 13,300 | 74,294 | 152,666 | the auyl/village of Mangistau |
Karakiya | 23,437 | 29,579 | 37,183 | the auyl/village of Kuryk |
Tupkaragan | 14,225 | 20,544 | 29,260 | the town of Fort-Shevchenko |
Three localities in the region - Aqtau, Fort-Shevchenko, and Zhanaozen - have city or town status.
Demographics
As of 2020, the Mangystau Region has a population of 698,796.[12]
Ethnic groups (2020):[13]
- Kazakh: 91.22%
- Russian: 5.21%
- Azerbaijani: 0.90%
- Others: 2.67%
Notable People from the Mangystau Region
- Abish Kekilbayev, Kazakh and Soviet politician
- Bekzad Nurdauletov, Kazakh boxer
- Shakirat Utegaziyev, Kazakh and Soviet physician
References
- ^ Official site – Climate and Geography Archived 2007-12-30 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Agency of statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Численность населения Республики Казахстан по областям с начала 2013 года до 1 февраля 2013 года (russisch; Excel-Datei; 55 kB).
- ^ DOSM. "Department of Statistics Kazakhstan". stat.gov.kz. Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 2023-03-01.
- ^ "Об изменении численности населения Мангистауской области с начала 2017 года до 1 июля 2017 года" (doc). Департамент статистики Мангистауской области. 2017-08-10. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
- ^ "Об изменении численности населения Республики Казахстан с начала 2020 года по 1 ноября 2021 года". Комитет по статистике Министерства национальной экономики Республики Казахстан. Retrieved 2022-01-04.
- ^ a b c A. O. Averianov (2001). "The First Find of a Dolichosaur (Squamata, Dolichosauridae) in Central Asia". Paleontological Journal. 45 (5): 525-527.
- ^ "Kazakhstan: Regions".
- ^ Список телефонов акимов городов и районов Мангистауской области и их заместителей (in Russian). Акимат Мангистауской области. Archived from the original on 18 February 2013. Retrieved 3 June 2012.
- ^ Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
- ^ city, including environs.
- ^ city, including environs.
- ^ "Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на начало 2020 года". Stat.kz. Retrieved 2020-08-06.
- ^ "Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на начало 2020 года". Stat.kz. Retrieved 2020-08-06.
External links
Media related to Mangystau Province at Wikimedia Commons