Max Gluckman
Max Gluckman | |
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Herman Max Gluckman | |
Born | |
Died | 13 April 1975 | (aged 64)
Alma mater | |
Known for | Social anthropologist |
Institutions | Manchester school |
Part of a series on |
Anthropology |
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Herman Max Gluckman (/ˈɡlʌkmən/; 26 January 1911 – 13 April 1975) was a South African and British social anthropologist. He is best known as the founder of the Manchester School of anthropology.
Biography and major works
Gluckman was born in Johannesburg in 1911.[1] Like many of the other anthropologists he later worked with, he was Jewish.[2] He was educated at the University of the Witwatersrand,[3] where he obtained a BA in 1930.[1] Although he intended to study law, he became interested in anthropology and studied under Winifred Hoernle. He earned the equivalent of an MA at Witwatersrand in 1934 and then received a Rhodes Scholarship to attend Exeter College, Oxford.[4]
At Oxford, Gluckman's work was supervised by
Later, he worked under the British Administration in
Gluckman was a political activist, openly and forcefully anti-colonial. He engaged directly with social conflicts and cultural contradictions of colonialism, with racism, urbanisation and labour migration. Gluckman combined the British school of structural-functionalism with a Marxist focus on inequality and oppression, creating a critique of colonialism from within structuralism. In his research on Zululand in South Africa, he argued that the African and European communities formed a single social system, one whose schism into two racial groups formed the basis of its structural unity.
Bruce Kapferer described Gluckman as "perhaps the anthropologist par excellence whose own personal life, history and consciousness not only embodied some of the critical crises of the modern world but also demanded that the anthropology he imagined should confront and examine them" (in "The Crisis in Anthropology" on the occasion of the first Max Gluckman Memorial lecture.)
Gluckman was of considerable influence on several anthropologists and sociologists Lars Clausen, Ronald Frankenberg, Bruce Kapferer, J. Clyde Mitchell, Victor Turner, Johan Frederik Holleman, and other students and interlocutors. Most of them came to be known as the "Manchester School". Richard Werbner, along with his wife Pnina (Gluckman's niece), assumed the role of continuing Gluckman's legacy at the Manchester school after his 1975 death.[6]
Books
- Rituals of Rebellion in South-East Africa (1954)
- Order and Rebellion in Tribal Africa (London: Cohen and West; 1963)
- Politics, Law and Ritual in Tribal Society (1965)
- The Allocation of Responsibility (1972)
References
- ^ a b Anonymous (June 1975). "Obituary of Max Gluckman". Anthropology Newsletter. 16 (6): 3.
- JSTOR 4467460.
- ^ Obituary . Accessed: 06-06-2011
- ^ Colson, Elizabeth (July–August 1975). "Obituary of Max Gluckman". Royal Anthropological Institute Newsletter (9): 8–9.
- ^ Barth, Fredrik. 2005. "The Golden Age, 1945-1970." Pp. 32-43 in: One Discipline, Four Ways: British, German, French, and American anthropology, edited by F. Barth, A. Gingrich, R. Parkin, and S. Silverman. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- ^ van Binsbergen, Wim (2006). "Photographic essay: Manchester School and background". Archived from the original on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2012.