Mexican Catholic Apostolic Church
| Mexican Catholic Apostolic Church | |
|---|---|
| Iglesia Católica Apostólica Mexicana | |
| Abbreviation | ICAM |
| Classification | Worldwide Communion of Catholic Apostolic National Churches |
| Region | Mexico |
| Founder | José Joaquín Pérez Budar |
| Origin | 1925 Mexico City, Mexico |
| Separated from | Catholic Church in Mexico |
The Mexican Catholic Apostolic Church (
Name
The church is identified in Spanish as both Iglesia Ortodoxa Católica Apostólica Mexicana (Spanish for Mexican Orthodox Apostolic Catholic Church) and Iglesia Católica Apostólica Mexicana (Spanish for Mexican Catholic Apostolic Church);[2][4]: 439 [5][6][b] in English it also known as the Old Mexican Roman Catholic Church,[7]: 28 [4]: 439 and the Mexican National Catholic Church.[8]
History
President
Official
Beliefs
The ICAM supports
Expansion technique
The government confiscated and nationalized all Catholic Church assets in 1859 and, prior to the 1992 legislation of an amendment to the
Butler described it as Mexican
These local committees voted on the devolution of church buildings and on many occasions, after such votes, riots erupted that ended with casualties. This activity provoked the hostility of Catholics and two ICAM priests were killed.[2]
Calles' successor, Emilio Portes Gil, did not support ICAM.[2]
In June 1929,
It is uncertain how long ICAM subsisted, according to Ramirez, about 60 priests were ICAM ministers, and between 1925 and 1937, about 70 church buildings, generally in small villages, were returned to ICAM use, but most of those buildings were soon closed.[g] Ramirez notes that ICAM subsisted through the Cristero rebellion, spread to the southern United States, and survived the end of the Calles government.[2]
Pérez was unable to maintain discipline among the clergy.[2][4]: 440
ICAM dwindled in Mexico and San Antonio by 1930.[2][6]: 31 Instead of spreading ICAM, according to Ramirez, Pérez's subordinates coveted his position of patriarch and devised ecclesial intrigues.[2]
After Pérez
Pérez died in 1931, days after his public recantation and reconciliation with the Catholic Church.[2][4]: 440
José Eduardo Dávila Garza became the leader of ICAM and used the religious name Pope Eduardo I.[12]
While Pérez permitted clerical marriage, Dávila rescinded Pérez's approval and required clerical celibacy.[12]
Dávila has his cathedral in the village of San Pedro.[12]
Dávila petitioned Eastern Orthodox patriarchs in the 1930s to recognize him.[12]
The Mexican Apostolic National Church was a
After Pérez died, the individual parishes continued to exist essentially independently,[13]
The entire diocese of this national church was subsumed into the created
Opinion
Ramirez speculated that the ICAM could have succeeded in a scenario where Calles became the head of ICAM, like
Notes
- ^ Pérez attested that the source of the idea to found a national church was Bishop Eduardo Sanchez Camacho.[2]
- ^ a b Although after his consecration by Carfora, Pérez styled himself Patriarch of the Iglesia Ortodoxa Católica Apostólica Mexicana, Ramirez notes that some official documents do not include the term orthodoxa.[2]
- Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America "had supported dissident Catholics in Mexico" and its "reform mission", with its links to the Anglo-Continental Society, was "closely related to the growth of American influence and empire."[10]: 7 According to Cross, there were "a number of Anglican reform mission interventions in Roman Catholic heartlands" among the 19th century culture wars that were being fought in Germany, Haiti, Italy, Mexico, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland.[10]: 6, 204
- ^ Separatist priests in Coahuila, Hidalgo, Jalisco, State of Mexico, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, and Veracruz participated in the schism but every bishops and archbishops rejected ICAM.[2]
- ^ According to Butler, Pérez initially sought consecration through the Anglican Church of Mexico but Butler does not provide details.[9]: 539
- ^ By 1929 Pérez expelled López Sierra after he was accused of embezzlement and rape of a woman inside a church building.[2]
- ^ The reported scope and duration of ICAM varies. Ramirez wrote that according to some research, ICAM had the use of only a few church buildings; they were administered by only 13 priests, of whom 7 reconciled with the Catholic Church and 3 were never ordained; and lasted approximately one year.[2] According to Bailey, the schism consisted of about six parishes and dematerialized within several months.[1]: 53–54
References
- ^ ISBN 9780292787001.
- ^ from the original on 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2015-10-13.
- ^ Extracto de la solicitud de registro constitutivo de la Iglesia Católica Apostólica Mexicana, como Asociación Religiosa
- ^ ISBN 0-9771461-8-9.
- Newspapers.com.
- ^ ISBN 9780801883880.
- ^ ISBN 0893705586.
- ISBN 9780826412270.
- ^ S2CID 144985324.
- ^ a b Cross, Anthony J (2011). Père Hyacinthe Loyson, the Eglise Catholique Gallicane (1879–1893) and the Anglican Reform Mission (PhD). Reading: University of Reading. Retrieved 2013-07-14.
- ^
- ^ OCLC 558440255.
- ^ tertiary sourcereuses information from other sources but does not name them.
- ISBN 9780866420532. Archivedfrom the original on 2012-06-02. Retrieved 2015-10-11 – via oca.org.
- ^ Orthodox Christianity website, The Diocese of Mexico: Forty Years of Ministry and Mission, article dated January 10, 2012
- ^ St George Orthodox Church Ministries website, Orthodox Church in Mexico
- ^ Orthodox History website, Cinco de Mayo and the lost Orthodox Missions of Mexico, article by Nicholas Chapman dated May 4, 2018
External links
Further reading
- Meyer, Jean A (1976). The Cristero rebellion: the Mexican people between church and state, 1926–1929. Cambridge Latin American studies. Vol. 24. Translated by Richard Southern. Cambridge [u.a.]: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107300897.
- Ramírez Rancaño, Mario (2006). El patriarca Pérez: la Iglesia Católica Apostólica Mexicana (in Spanish). Ciudad Universitaria, MX: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones. ISBN 9789703234363.