Michael Bő
Michael Bő | |
|---|---|
St. Martin's Cathedral | |
| Nationality | Hungarian |
| Parents | Stephen Bő |
Michael from the kindred Bő (
Early career
Michael was born into the Ders branch of the gens (clan) Bő, which originated from Somogy County, and was one of the ancient ethnic Hungarian kindreds which had participated in the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin in late 9th century. His younger brother was Peter the Toothed.[1] Through their unidentified paternal aunt (a sister of their father Stephen), Michael and Peter were related to the gens Monoszló and its influential contemporary members, brothers Egidius, Gregory and Peter.[2]
As contemporary sources frequently referred to him with the prefix "magister", Michael studied
Prelate
Bishop of Zagreb
After the death of his predecessor
According to Michael's charter from January 1299, Henry Kőszegi had attacked and plundered the ecclesiastical estate of Čazma. Two of his predialists also joined the attack, in retaliation Michael Bő confiscated their landholdings from them in his charter. In order to placate the bishop, both nobles granted Michael the right to possess Međurječje. Their cousins, who claimed they ended up in poverty and famine because of the frequent devastation but survived tanks to the bishop's help, also provided the right over the settlement to Michael. According to historian Antun Nekić, Michael strived to establish a personal network of local lesser nobles in Slavonia, mutually defending their interests against the aspirations of local oligarchic domains.[7] In the same year, Michael donated the estate of "Gulynchi" to local noble Ugrin, who proved to be a faithful servant of the bishopric in opposite Grdun (or Gárdony), a "notorious persecutor" of the diocese. Bishop John, Michael's predecessor stated exactly the opposite from the two nobles ten years ago. The relationship between Michael and the Babonići was fluctuating depending on the latter's relationship with King Andrew III. After a group of powerful lords invited Charles of Anjou to the Hungarian throne in early 1300, Andrew III reconciled with his ardent enemies, the oligarchs by the summer of 1300. Therefore, Michael was forced to hand over much of his authority and jurisdiction to the Babonić family and a mutual assistance agreement has been concluded between them.[11] While Henry Kőszegi, under his agreement with Andrew III, was installed as Ban of Slavonia, the Babonići drew the Diocese of Zagreb to their sphere of interest with royal approval in the same time.[12]
Andrew III died on 14 January 1301. Following that Michael became one of the first partisans of
Archbishop of Esztergom
His ally, Archbishop-elect Gregory Bicskei was murdered in Anagni on 7 September 1303 by soldiers whom Philip IV of France had sent to Italy to capture Pope Boniface, who also died in the next month. Michael's former colleague Niccolo Boccasini was elected as Pope Benedict XI. On 4 November 1303, he appointed Michael as Archbishop of Esztergom, while characterizing his friend as "noble, scholar, fine and diligent".[15] In contrast to Gregory Bicskei, Michael enjoyed general respect and acceptance among the Hungarian prelates, which contributed significantly to the support of Charles's rule was significantly strengthened by members of the senior clergy along with monastic church organization, who previously had favored Wenceslaus' rule, after the middle of 1303.[16]
On 21 March 1304, the Pope informed
References
- ^ Beke 2003, pp. 142–143.
- ^ Kovács 2015, p. 2.
- ^ a b c d e f Beke 2003, p. 143.
- ^ a b Maléth 2020, p. 135.
- ^ Kovács 2015, p. 10.
- ^ Kovács 2015, p. 3.
- ^ a b Nekić 2020, p. 381.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, pp. 103, 120, 154.
- ^ Dobronić 1995, pp. 89–90.
- ^ Dobronić 1995, pp. 92.
- ^ Nekić 2020, p. 382.
- ^ Nekić 2020, p. 383.
- ^ Kádár 2015, p. 79.
- ^ Kádár 2015, p. 80.
- ^ Engel 1996, p. 63.
- ^ Kádár 2015, p. 82.
- ^ a b c Beke 2003, p. 144.
- ^ Kádár 2015, p. 93.
Sources
- Beke, Margit (2003). "Bő nembeli Mihály [Michael from the kindred Bő]". In Beke, Margit (ed.). Esztergomi érsekek 1001–2003 [Archbishops of Esztergom 1001–2003] (in Hungarian). Szent István Társulat. pp. 142–145. ISBN 963-361-472-4.
- Dobronić, Lelja (1995). "Mihalj [Michael]". In Franko, Mirošević (ed.). Zagrebački biskupi i nadbiskupi [Bishops and Archbishops of Zagreb] (in Croatian). Školska knjiga. pp. 89–93. ISBN 953-0-60597-8.
- ISBN 963-8312-44-0.
- Kádár, Tamás (2015). "Harcban a koronáért. I. Károly (Róbert) király uralkodásának első évei 1305 végéig [Fight for the Crown. The First Regnal Years of Charles I (Robert) until the End of 1305]". Történeti Tanulmányok. Acta Universitatis Debreceniensis (in Hungarian). 23: 42–111. ISSN 1217-4602.
- Kovács, Mihai (2015). ""Semper meliora prospiciuntur et utiliora attenduntur". Monoszló nb. Péter erdélyi püspök társadalmi és politikai kapcsolatai ["Semper meliora prospiciuntur et utiliora attenduntur" Political and Social Relationships of Peter Monoszló Bishop of Transylvania]" (PDF). Erdélyi Múzeum (in Hungarian). 77 (1): 1–13. ISSN 1453-0961. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
- Maléth, Ágnes (2020). A Magyar Királyság és a Szentszék kapcsolata I. Károly korában (1301–1342) [The Relationship of the Hungarian Kingdom and the Holy See in the time of Charles I (1301–1342)] (in Hungarian). Pécsi Tudományegyetem BTK TTI Középkori és Koraújkori Történeti Tanszék. ISBN 978-963-429-500-6.
- Nekić, Antun (2020). "In Defense of Their See: The Bishops of Zagreb (1272–1301)". In Josipović, Ivan; Jurković, Miljenko (eds.). Aspice Hunc Opus Mirum: Zbornik Povodom Sedamdesetog Rođendana Nikole Jakšića // Festschrift on the occasion of Nikola jakšić's 70th birthday. International Research Center for Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, Motovun, ISBN 978-953-331-304-7.
- Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301] (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 978-963-9627-38-3.