Egidius Monoszló
Egidius (II) Monoszló | |
---|---|
Master of the treasury | |
Reign | 1270–1272 1274–1275 |
Predecessor | Maurice Pok (1st term) Joachim Gutkeled (2nd term) |
Successor | Ernye Ákos (1st term) Joachim Gutkeled (2nd term) |
Born | c. 1240 |
Died | March 1313 Nagyszombat (?), Hungary (today Trnava, Slovakia) |
Noble family | gens Monoszló |
Spouse(s) | Catherine Kökényesradnót |
Issue | four daughters |
Father | Gregory II |
Mother | N Bő |
Egidius (II) from the kindred Monoszló (Hungarian: Monoszló nembeli (II.) Egyed; c. 1240 – March 1313) was a Hungarian powerful baron, who served as Master of the treasury from 1270 to 1272 and from 1274 to 1275. He was a loyal supporter of Stephen V of Hungary from his ducal years.
Family background
Egidius II was born into the
He married Catherine from the gens Kökényesradnót, daughter of
In Stephen's court
Egidius and his kindred, in addition to the
When Stephen's vassal, Despot
Egidius continued his political role as Master of the treasury, when Stephen V succeeded his father without difficulties and was crowned on or after 17 May 1270. Among the eight office-holders of high dignities, he was one of those four lords – alongside the influential brothers, Peter I and Matthew II Csák, and Egidius' distant relative Nicholas Monoszló – who entered government service after years of anti-King position and participation in the war against Béla.[13] In addition, Egidius also became ispán of Pozsony County, one of the most prominent of them all.[14] His brothers also have reached significant positions, thus the Monoszlós rose among the most prominent kindreds during Stephen's short reign.[1] Egidius was a member of that Hungarian delegation, which signed the Peace of Pressburg on 2 July 1271 with the envoys of Ottokar II of Bohemia to put an end to the war between the two realms.[2]
Role in the feudal anarchy
When the Ban of Slavonia, Joachim Gutkeled, turned against Stephen V and kidnapped his ten-year old son and heir, Ladislaus in the summer of 1272, a new era had begun in Medieval Hungary. Stephen besieged Joachim's fortress in Koprivnica, but could not free his son. The king soon fell ill and died on 6 August 1272, thus the Monoszló brothers lost their patron. Joachim Gutkeled departed for Székesfehérvár as soon as he was informed of Stephen V's death, because he wanted to arrange Ladislaus' coronation. Stephen's widow, Elizabeth the Cuman joined him, infuriating Stephen V's partisans who accused her of having conspired against her husband. Egidius Monoszló immediately laid siege in late August to the Dowager Queen's palace in Székesfehérvár to "rescue" Ladislaus from the rival baronial group's influence. Another foreign chronicles – including the Continuatio Vindobonensis – claimed the Monoszlós wanted to assert Duke Béla of Macsó's claim to the Hungarian throne, but historian Attila Zsoldos rejects this option.[15][16]
However Egidius' military action ended in failure as the
Taking advantage of the internal political crisis, Ottokar's Austrian and Moravian troops invaded the borderlands of Hungary in April 1273, using the Pressburg region as a march route. The attack temporarily united the rivaling baronial groups against the external enemy. Ottokar's step made Egidius as uncertain and furious, as a result left Prague and returned to Hungary in early May, along with Gregory.
In the first five regnal years of the minor Ladislaus IV, twelve "changes of government" took place between the two baronial groups. The Csáks and their allies successfully removed Joachim Gutkeled and Henry Kőszegi from power by the summer of 1274. After that the two disgraced lords decided to capture and imprison Ladislaus and Elizabeth in June 1274. Although Peter Csák liberated them, Gutkeled and Kőszegi captured Ladislaus's younger brother, Andrew, and took him to Slavonia. Egidius again elevated to the position of Master of the treasury around September 1274,[25] in those days when Peter Csák, defeated the united Kőszegi–Gutkeled forces near Polgárdi, where the most notorious pre-oligarch Henry Kőszegi was killed in the battle. By mid-1275, the royal court expressed confidence towards the Kőszegi family despite the earlier abductions. This meant the Csák group's anew fall from grace,[26] and Egidius lost his office of Master of the treasury in early June 1275, replacing by Joachim Gutkeled himself.[25]
Later life
Both Egidius and Gregory lost all political influence for uncertain reasons after 1275, as they had never hold any dignities after that, despite the fact that the Csák group was able to return to govern the realm even at the end of the year. Historian
After his fall, Egidius was mentioned only tangentially in contemporary sources, for instance in 1283 during negotiation over a possession sale among the clan members. Egidius and Gregory owned
Egidius Monoszló was one of the last surviving barons who participated in the 1260s war and who were members of the feudal anarchy's first generation. As he had no legitimate heirs, he made his first
However around the fulfillment of Egidius' will, there were difficulties. After his death, Matthew Csák took the Fülek Castle and annexed it to his province. According to a royal charter issued by Charles I on 22 May 1317, the oligarch John Kőszegi demanded Atyina for his family in accordance with the right of escheatage. However Nicholas Aba and his brothers, in addition to Darnóc, acquired the whole Atyina and Novák lordship in Slavonia, thus they became ancestors of the Atyinai family. Kőszegi captured and imprisoned Nicholas and Peter Aba (or Atyinai) shortly thereafter. In the first half of 1314, Nicholas was taken tied up before the Atyina Castle and dragged along the walls at the heels of a horse to persuade the defenders to surrender the fort. Despite this, John Kőszegi was unable to capture Atyina and took Nicholas back to prison, who languished in captivity in the subsequent three years. Following that Charles I launched a campaign against the Kőszegis in Transdanubia and Slavonia in the first half of 1316.[30] By the autumn of 1317, John Kőszegi was defeated, thus Nicholas was able to return to the recaptured Atyina.[31]
References
- ^ a b c Kovács 2015, p. 2.
- ^ a b c d Markó 2006, p. 360.
- ^ Kovács 2015, p. 4.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 260.
- ^ Engel: Genealógia (Genus Kökényesradnót 1., Doboka branch)
- ^ a b c Kovács 2015, p. 3.
- ^ Zsoldos 2007, p. 62.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 71.
- ^ Zsoldos 2007, p. 95.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 75.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 146.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 219.
- ^ Zsoldos 2007, p. 116.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 185.
- ^ a b Zsoldos 2005, p. 130.
- ^ Kádár 2020, pp. 52–54.
- ^ Kádár 2020, p. 57–59.
- ^ Kádár 2009, p. 425.
- ^ Kádár 2009, p. 426.
- ^ Szűcs 1993, p. 283.
- ^ Zsoldos 2005, p. 132.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 81.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, pp. 51–52.
- ^ Szűcs 1993, p. 284.
- ^ a b Zsoldos 2011, p. 63.
- ^ Szűcs 1993, p. 287.
- ^ Szűcs 1993, p. 291.
- ^ a b Engel 1988, p. 107.
- ^ Engel 1988, p. 103.
- ^ Engel 1988, p. 108.
- ^ Engel 1988, p. 122.
Sources
- Engel, Pál (1988). "Az ország újraegyesítése. I. Károly küzdelmei az oligarchák ellen (1310–1323) [Reunification of the Realm. The Struggles of Charles I Against the Oligarchs (1310–1323)]". Századok (in Hungarian). 122 (1–2). Magyar Történelmi Társulat: 89–146. ISSN 0039-8098.
- Kádár, Tamás (2009). "Egy rejtélyes politikai gyilkosság és háttere a XIII. század végi Magyarországon: Béla macsói és boszniai herceg pályája [A Mysterious Political Murder and its Background at the End of 13th Century in Hungary: Career of Béla, Duke of Macsó and Bosnia]". Fons (in Hungarian). 16 (4). Szentpétery Imre Történettudományi Alapítvány: 411–429. ISSN 1217-8020.
- Kádár, Tamás (2020). "Az 1272. évi székesfehérvári "palotaforradalom" [The "Palace Revolution" of 1272 in Székesfehérvár]". Aetas (in Hungarian). 35 (2). AETAS Könyv- és Lapkiadó Egyesület: 49–65. ISSN 0237-7934.
- Kovács, Mihai (2015). ""Semper meliora prospiciuntur et utiliora attenduntur". Monoszló nb. Péter erdélyi püspök társadalmi és politikai kapcsolatai ["Semper meliora prospiciuntur et utiliora attenduntur" Political and Social Relationships of Peter Monoszló Bishop of Transylvania]" (PDF). Erdélyi Múzeum (in Hungarian). 77 (1): 1–13. ISSN 1453-0961. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
- Markó, László (2006). A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon [Great Officers of State in Hungary from King Saint Stephen to Our Days: A Biographical Encyclopedia] (in Hungarian). Helikon Kiadó. ISBN 963-208-970-7.
- Szűcs, Jenő (1993). Az utolsó Árpádok [The Last Árpáds] (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 963-8311-96-7.
- Zsoldos, Attila (2005). Az Árpádok és asszonyaik. A királynéi intézmény az Árpádok korában [The Árpáds and their Women: The Institution of Queenship in the Era of the Árpáds] (in Hungarian). MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 963 8312 98 X.
- Zsoldos, Attila (2007). Családi ügy: IV. Béla és István ifjabb király viszálya az 1260-as években [A family affair: The Conflict between Béla IV and Junior King Stephen in the 1260s] (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 978-963-9627-15-4.
- Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301] (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 978-963-9627-38-3.