Milecastle 31

Milecastle 31
Grid reference		NY85537117

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Milecastle 31 (Carrawburgh) was a

fort (adjoining the car park).

Place-name etymology

Carraw seems to be a Cumbric name cognate with Welsh carrau 'rocks'.^[1]

Construction

Nothing is known of the construction of Milecastle 31. Only the west wall has been located.^[2]

Excavations and investigations

• Early 19th century – Lingard reports the discovery of bones between the milecastle and Carrawburgh fort.^[2]
• 1934 – The milecastle is sought, but only a coin (of Victorinus) is discovered.^[2]
• 1964 – Excavations are undertaken in advance of the construction of the car park. The west wall of the milecastle is located (robbed out).^[2]
• 1965 – English Heritage Field Investigation. It was noted that the north wall of the Milecastle lies beneath the modern road, and that the majority survives as a turf-covered platform (0.25 metres (0.82 ft) high on the west side.^[3]
• 1989 – English Heritage Field Investigation (as part of the Hadrian's Wall Project). The previous findings are reconfirmed.^[3]

Associated turrets

Each milecastle on Hadrian's Wall had two associated turret structures. These turrets were positioned approximately one-third and two-thirds of a

to the west of the Milecastle, and would probably have been manned by part of the milecastle's garrison. The turrets associated with Milecastle 31 are known as Turret 31A and Turret 31B.

Turret 31A

Turret 31A (The Strands) is buried beneath the B6318 Military Road, and so there are no visible remains. Despite an investigation in 1966 by R.W.Harris of Durham University, the turret remains unlocated at the measured distance from the milecastle.^[4]

Predicted location: 55°02′06″N 2°13′39″W / 55.034972°N 2.227382°W / 55.034972; -2.227382 (Turret 31A)

Turret 31B

Turret 31B (Carraw East) is located just south of the B6318 Military Road, a few metres east of Carraw farm. It exists as a slight, square, faintly disernable platform. Excavation by R Harris in 1966 revealed that the door was located on the east side of the south wall (a turret plan attributed to

Location on Ordnance Survey 1:25 000 map: 55°02′03″N 2°14′06″W / 55.034166°N 2.234997°W / 55.034166; -2.234997 (Turret 31B)

Monument records

Monument	Monument Number	English Heritage Archive Number
Milecastle 31	16701	NY 87 SE 9
Turret 31A	16707	NY 87 SE 11
Turret 31B	16710	NY 87 SE 12

Public access

The site of the Milecastle is accessible from the car park at Carrawburgh (Brocolitia) fort.

The site of Turret 31A is beneath the B6318.

Although the site of Turret 31B is on private land, it is visible from (and adjacent to) the B6318.

References

Bibliography

• Daniels, Charles (1979), "Review: Fact and Theory on Hadrian's Wall", Britannia, 10: 357–364,
  JSTOR 526069