Housesteads Roman Fort

Coordinates: 55°00′47″N 2°19′52″W / 55.013°N 2.331°W / 55.013; -2.331
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

55°00′47″N 2°19′52″W / 55.013°N 2.331°W / 55.013; -2.331

Housesteads Roman Fort
Housesteads Roman Fort is located in Northumberland
Housesteads Roman Fort
Alternative name(s)Vercovicium, Borcovicium
Abandonedc. 400 AD
Attested byNotitia Dignitatum
Place in the Roman world
ProvinceBritannia
Structure
— Stone structure —
Builtc. 124 AD
Stationed military units
— Legions —
Legio II Augusta
— Cohorts —
Cohors I Tungrorum
Location
TownHexham
CountyNorthumberland
CountryEngland
Reference
UK-OSNG referenceNY789687
WebsiteHousesteads Roman Fort
Vercovicium (1964 OS map)
Plan of fort

Housesteads Roman Fort was an

Great Chesters fort and about two miles north east of the existing fort at Vindolanda on the Stanegate
road.

The site is now owned by the

National Trust and is currently in the care of English Heritage. Finds from the fort can be seen in the site museum, in the museum at Chesters, and in the Great North Museum: Hancock in Newcastle upon Tyne
.

Name

The name of the fort has been given as Vercovicium, Borcovicus,[3] Borcovicium,[4] and Velurtion.[5] An inscription found at Housesteads with the letters VER, is believed to be short for Ver(covicianorum), the letters ver being interchangeable with bor in later Latin.[6][7]

The 18th-century farmhouse of Housesteads provides the modern name.[8]

History

The northern granary looking east. The pillars supported a raised floor to keep food dry and free from vermin[9]
latrines, hygienically placed at the lowest corner of the fort, supplied by a water tank at rear with original lead sealing between its slabs.[10]

Hadrian's Wall was begun in AD 122 and included no forts but smaller milecastles but before it was finished there was a change of plan to include forts. Turret 36B on the site was therefore demolished to make way for the fort built in stone around AD 124 with its northern wall overlying the original Broad Wall foundation.[11] The fort was repaired and rebuilt several times. A major rebuilding in the late 3rd/early 4th century included interval towers on the walls, a huge horreum (warehouse) and new barracks.

A substantial civil settlement (

vicus) existed to the south, outside the fort, and some of the stone foundations can still be seen, including the so-called "Murder House", where two skeletons were found beneath an apparently newly-laid floor when excavated.[12]
The vicus was abandoned in about 270 before the rebuilding of the fort.

It is unusual for Britain in that it had no running water supply and was dependent upon rainwater collection for which purpose there is a series of large stone-lined cisterns around the periphery of the defences). It also has one of the best-preserved stone latrines in Roman Britain.

Garrison

In the 2nd century AD, the garrison consisted of an unknown double-sized auxiliary infantry

legionaries from Legio II Augusta.[13] From 205/208[14] it comprised Cohors I Tungrorum (nominally 1000 strong) augmented by the numerus Hnaudifridi and the Cuneus Frisionum, a Frisian cavalry unit, cuneus referring to a wedge formation. The Tungrians were still there in the 4th century, according to the Notitia Dignitatum. By 409 AD the Romans had withdrawn.[15]

Housesteads farm

Housesteads is a former farm whose ruins remain built up against the south gate of the Roman fort. The farm was purchased by the amateur historian

National Trust
in 1930. The farm was later owned by the Trevelyans who gave the land for the site museum.

See also

References

  1. ^ J.G. Crow, Housesteads Roman Fort, London: English Heritage (1989)
  2. ^ Alan Rushworth (15 February 2014). Housesteads Roman Fort - the Grandest Station. English Heritage Publishing. p. ix. ISBN 9781848021655.
  3. ISBN 9780486164342
    .
  4. ISBN 9781844153589
    . (1st ed. 1955; 2nd ed. 1966)
  5. ISBN 9780946098422
    .
  6. ISBN 9781848021655
    .
  7. ^ John Collingwood Bruce (1966). Handbook to the Roman Wall. Hindson & A. Reid. p. 111.
  8. ^ "Hadrian's Wall". northofthetyne.co.uk.
  9. ^ James Crow (2004), Housesteads. A Fort And Garrison on Hadrian's Wall, Stroud: Tempus, p. 56
  10. ^ J. G. Crow (1989), Housesteads Roman Fort, English Heritage, p.8.
  11. ^ "Housesteads (Vercovicivm) Roman Fort". Roman-Britain.co.uk.
  12. JSTOR 43936348
    .
  13. ^ "Housesteads (Vercovicivm) Roman Fort". Roman-Britain.co.uk.
  14. ^ RIB 1631b
  15. ISBN 1-55212-585-8
Sources
  • Crow, J. Housesteads Roman Fort and its Environs, Univ. of Newcastle 1994
  • Crow, J. Housesteads, London: Batsford (1995) (second edition, Stroud: Tempus 2004)

Further reading

External links

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