Mitali Mukerji

Mitali Mukerji (born 1967) is a Professor and Head of the Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering,

Personal life

Mukerji was born on 13 November 1967 in

One of her most notable works was deciphering the functions of Alu regions, the most abundant transposon found in primate populations. Her and her team concluded that these sequences code for RNA that serve as transcription factors, regulating a multitude of cell functions, including heat shock stress responses. Mukerji's publications on Alu sequences provide evidence of its involvement in homeostatic maintenance in humans, as well as the functions of miRNA as regulatory pathways specific to humans.^[6] Mukerji has since continued to work in trying to understand the mechanisms behind heat shock response systems and the functions of satellite non-coding RNA as a transcriptional repressor.^[7]

She took an active role in establishing the Indian Genome Variation Consortium. Created in 2003, this database collects information on the genetic variations between the multiple subpopulations in India in an effort to improve personalized pharmaceuticals and understand genetic predisposition to disease.^[8] She established that genomic data could be adopted to decipher "signatures of natural selection and tracing mutational histories", and has used her studies to track migration patterns of many Asian populations and disease origins. Data from this initiative was used in a publication Mukerji was a contributor on, linking the genetic ancestry of the Siddi people from the Western region of India to Bantu-speaking East African tribes.^[9]

Another study in which Mukerji used the IGV database is in studying

Mukerji has also done significant work towards bettering clinical diagnostics processes of disorders in India. She worked particularly with a group of neurodegenerative diseases known as Cerebellar ataxias, a heritable condition in which the cerebellum portion of the brain becomes damaged. This condition is known to arise from a combination of many mutations, and so establishing a clear genetic correlation is difficult, making clinical screening difficult as well. Through tracing the disease ancestry and "mutational history", as well as a study of thousands of Indian families, Mukerji and her team were able to get a better understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms that cause ataxias and develop a clinical screening to be able to check disease susceptibility of healthy patients. This method is being used at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences and helps reduce economical and medical stresses on families.^[11] Further studies done by Mukerji show more evidence of the mechanisms behind ataxias. Her work in studying spinocerebellar ataxia identifies a repeat expansion mutation as the cause of the disorder. Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Indian and Mexican families show a shared expansion pattern in these two geographically distinct groups, making it possible to understand more about the ancestry of these particular mutations that cause this disease.^[12]

In another study, Mukerji and her team analyzed another heritable neural disorder, dyslexia. They identified genes of a PCDHG cluster and pinpointed specific chromosomal locations of polymorphisms that contribute to the disorder. They also tracked the mutational history and lineages of these polymorphism, in both humans and other related primates. Their work helps better explain the mechanisms in play in dyslexia and the association of PCDHG genes with "neural adhesion proteins" that are related to cognitive functionality in primates.^[13] Mukerji also studied active pulmonary tuberculosis in North Indian populations. Through a study of cytokine serum levels between patients with active tuberculosis and healthy individuals, Mukerji was able to identify five cytokine gene polymorphisms correlating to immunity against tuberculosis.^[14]

Along with her other projects tracking mutational history and disease evolution, Mukerji also did work studying correlations between polymorphisms in the

In January 2014, Mukerji gave a lecture at a TEDx event in New Delhi, India on the practice of personalized medicine through Ayurveda and its integration with modern medicine and genomics.[20]

Awards

Mukerji has received several prestigious awards. On 24 September 2001, she was awarded the CSIR Young Scientist Award. She then was nominated to be a member of HUGO, the Human Genome Organization, in 2006. She received the National Young Woman Bioscientists Award in 2008 and the prestigious

Mukerji has several technical publications to her credit. She is also the Associate Editor for evolutionary and population genetics of the Frontiers journal.[23] Some of her notable publications are:^[24]

• Heat shock factor binding in Alu repeats expands its involvement in stress through an antisense mechanism. Pandey R, Mandal AK, Jha V, Mukerji M. (2011) Genome Biol. 12(11):R117.
• Ayurgenomics: a new way of threading molecular variability for stratified medicine. Sethi TP, Prasher B, Mukerji M. (2011) ACS Chem Biol. 6(9):875-880.
• Recent admixture in an Indian population of African ancestry. Narang A, Jha P, Rawat V, Mukhopadhyay A, Dash D. Indian Genome Variation Consortium, Basu A, Mukerji M. (2011) Am J Hum Genet. 89(1):111-120.
• EGLN1 involvement in high-altitude adaptation revealed through genetic analysis of extreme constitution types defined in Ayurveda. Aggarwal S, Negi S, Jha P, Singh PK, Stobdan T, Pasha MA, Ghosh S, Agrawal A. Indian Genome Variation Consortium, Prasher B, Mukerji M. (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107(44):18961-18966.
• Whole genome expression and biochemical correlates of extreme constitutional types defined in Ayurveda. Prasher B, Negi S, Aggarwal S, Mandal AK, Sethi TP, Deshmukh SR, Purohit SG, Sengupta S, Khanna S, Mohammad F, Garg G, Brahmachari SK, and Mukerji M. (2008) J. Transl. Med. 6:48.
• Genetic landscape of the people of India: a canvas for disease gene exploration. Indian Genome Variation Consortium. (2008) J Genet. 87(1): 3–20.
• Genome-wide prediction of G4 DNA as regulatory motifs: role in Escherichia coli global regulation. Rawal P, Kummarasetti VBR, Ravindran J, Kumar N, Halder K, Sharma R, Mukerji M, Das SK, Chowdhury S. (2006) Genome research. 16(5): 644–55.
• First Degree Relatives of Patients with Celiac Disease Harbour an Intestinal Transcriptomic Signature that Might Protect them from Enterocyte Damage. Acharya P, Kutum R, Pandey R, Mishra A, Saha R, Munjal A, Ahuja V, Mukerji M, Makharia GK. (2018) Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 9(10):195.
• Western Indian Rural Gut Microbial Diversity in Extreme Prakriti Endo-Phenotypes Reveals Signature Microbes. Chauhan NS, Pandey R, Mondal AK, Gupta S, Verma MK, Jain S, Ahmed V, Patil R, Agarwal D, Girase B, Shrivastava A, Mobeen F, Sharma V, Srivastava TP, Juvekar SK, Prasher B, Mukerji M, Dash D. (2018) Front. Microbiol. 9:118.
• Recapitulation of Ayurveda constitution types by machine learning of phenotypic traits. Tiwari P, Kutum R, Sethi T, Shrivastava A, Girase B, Aggarwal S, Patil R, Agarwal D, Gautam P, Agrawal A, Dash D, Ghosh S, Juvekar S, Mukerji M, Prasher B. (2017) PLOS One. 2(10):e0185380.
• Alu-miRNA interactions modulate transcript isoform diversity in stress response and reveal signatures of positive selection. Pandey R, Bhattacharya A, Bhardwaj V, Jha V, Mandal AK, Mukerji M. (2016) Sci Rep. 6:32348.
• Human satellite-III non-coding RNAs modulate heat-shock-induced transcriptional repression. Goenka A, Sengupta S, Pandey R, Parihar R, Mohanta GC, Mukerji M, Ganesh S. (2016) J Cell Sci. 129(19):3541-3552.
• Ancestral Variations of the PCDHG Gene Cluster Predispose to Dyslexia in a Multiplex Family. Naskar T, Faruq M, Banerjee P, Khan M, Midha R, Kumari R, Devasenapathy S, Prajapati B, Sengupta S, Jain D, Mukerji M, Singh NC, Sinha S. (2018) EBioMedicine. 28:168-179.

References