Mo Li Hua

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"Jasmine Flower" redirects here. For the species of jasmine, see Jasminum sambac. For the Heather Nova album, see The Jasmine Flower.
"Mo Li Hua"
Song
LanguageChinese
GenreFolk
LengthAround 2–3 minutes
Songwriter(s)unknown

Melody and lyrics of "Mo Li Hua"

"Mo Li Hua" (

folk song from the Jiangnan region.[2][3][4]
The song dates back to the 18th century. Over time, many regional variations were created, and the song gained popularity both in China and abroad.

It has been used during events such as 2004 Summer Olympics, 2008 Summer Olympics and 2010 Shanghai Expo opening ceremony, and during the 2011 Chinese pro-democracy protests.[5][6][7]

History and popularity

Older lyrics to "Mo Li Hua". From a Japanese music book, Gekkin Gakufu (月琴楽譜) (1877)[a]

It was created during the Qianlong era (1735–1796) of the Qing dynasty.[2] There are several regional versions of the song,[8][9]: 84–  with different lyrics and melody.[10]: 46–  One version of the song describes a custom of giving

pentatonic) scale ubiquitous in Chinese music. The tune is one of xiaodiao ("short tunes"), popular in Chinese urban areas.[11] In 1804 a British diplomat, John Barrow, noted that the tune seems to be one of the most popular songs in China.[9]
: 84– 

The song became one of the first Chinese folk songs to become widely known outside China.[9]: 81–82  In 1896 the song was used as temporary national anthem by the Qing Chinese officials in Europe. The melody has become well known among Western listeners as it was used by Giacomo Puccini in his opera Turandot (1926), boy choir air "Là, sui monti dell'est", where it is associated with 'Turandot's splendor'.[2][4][12][13] It appeared in a 1937 Hollywood movie The Good Earth (based on a novel by Pearl S. Buck).[14]: 51–  It has been adapted by many artists around the world, for example by Kenny G.[9]: 84–  In 1982 the song found a place on a UNESCO list of recommended songs.[9]: 84–  When China regained sovereignty of Macau and Hong Kong, in 1999 and 1997, respectively, this music was played in the ceremonies. The song was said to be a favorite of the former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Jiang Zemin (it was at his request that the song was played during the transfer ceremony in Hong Kong).[7] The tune was played during Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party meetings.[15]

This song was sung partially unaccompanied by a young Chinese girl, and partially accompanied by the music by

which?] was also performed at the 2010 Shanghai Expo opening ceremony by an orchestra with the pianist Lang Lang
.

Zhao Dongming, head of

Academy Award winning Chinese contemporary classical composer, cited by China Daily in 2008, described it as "glorious, heartwarming and full of respect... an iconic piece... almost a cultural symbol of China" and "From Puccini to the Beijing Olympics, this melody is a gift from the Chinese people to the world's athletes".[4] In 2009 Russian singer Vitas, during the Chinese premiere of his program Sleepless Night, at least has also performed "Mo Li Hua" (never included in digital download until then).[17]

During the 2011 Chinese pro-democracy protests, as organizers instructed protesters to play "Mo Li Hua" on their cell phones as a form of antigovernment protest.[5] The song was placed on authorities' list of online censored materials.[5] Videos of the song, including at least one from an official event (a 2006 Kenyan students welcome for Chinese president Hu Jintao), were removed from Chinese websites, and searches for the song's name were blocked.[3] The censorship attracted widespread attention and was difficult because of the popularity of the song and its association with Chinese culture and history.[6][7] At least one new version of the song, mentioning fear of arrests, has been developed by the activists as a response.[6][18]

In 2013, international superstar Celine Dion performed the song in Mandarin on Chinese state TV as part of its New Year Gala show welcoming in the Lunar New Year. She sang in a duet with Chinese soprano Song Zuying.[19]

Since 2018, Kazakh singer Dimash Qudaibergen has performed this song in Mandarin on four occasions, three years in a row, during New Year and Chinese New Year celebration galas on various TV stations[20] including a duet with vocalist Luo Tianyi on 23rd January 2020.[21]

Lyrics

There are several versions of the song, with different lyrics and melody.

First variant

One of the popular versions lyrics goes:

\relative c' { \key c \major \clef treble \time 2/2 e4 e8 g a( c) c a | g4 g8( a) g4 r | e4 e8 g a( c) c a | g4 g8( a) g4 r | g g g e8( g) | a4 a g2 | e4 d8( e) g4 e8( d) | c4 c8( d) c2 | e8( d) c( e) d4. e8 | g4 a8( c) g2 | d4 e8( g) d( e) c( a) | g2 a4 c | d4. e8 c( d) c( a) | g2 r \bar ".|" } \addlyrics { 好 一 朵 美 麗 的 茉 莉 花 好 一 朵 美 麗 的 茉 莉 花 芬 芳 美 麗 滿 枝 椏 又 香 又 白 人 人 誇 讓 我 來 將 你 摘 下 送 給 別 人 家 茉 莉 花 呀 茉 莉 花 } \addlyrics { 好 一 朵 美 丽 的 茉 莉 花 好 一 朵 美 丽 的 茉 莉 花 芬 芳 美 丽 满 枝 桠 又 香 又 白 人 人 夸 让 我 来 将 你 摘 下 送 给 别 人 家 茉 莉 花 呀 茉 莉 花 } \addlyrics { hǎo yī duǒ měi lì de mò li huā hǎo yī duǒ měi lì de mò li huā fēn fāng měi lì mǎn zhī yā yòu xiāng yòu bái rén rén kuā ràng wǒ lái jiāng nǐ zhāi xià sòng gěi bié rén jiā mò li huā ya mò li huā }

Second variant

Another popular versions' lyrics, with three strophes:[10]: 46– 

See also

Notes

a The song has been mistakenly titled as 抹梨花, which is pronounced the same.

b Though most commonly known in English as the Jasmine Flower, the title has also been translated as Beautiful Jasmine Flower[3] or Such a Beautiful Jasmine.[5] It has also been transliterated as Mo Li Hua,[8] Mo-Li Hua,[12] Moli Hua[14]: 83–  and Molihua.[4]

References

  1. ^ "教育部《國語辭典簡編本》2021".
  2. ^ a b c d e Chen, Qian (21 July 2008). "'Jasmine Flower' chosen for medal ceremony music". Shanghai Daily. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2008.
  3. ^ a b c "Jasmine stirrings in China: No awakening, but crush it anyway: The government goes to great lengths to make sure all is outwardly calm", 3 March 2011
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "Classical piece will ring in ears of winners". China Daily.
  5. ^ a b c d Clem, Will (3 March 2011). "The flowering of an unconventional revolution". South China Morning Post. Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 5 March 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
  6. ^ a b c "Kenny G and Hu Jintao Make Protest Music: Tunisia's Choice of Revolutionary Symbols Confounds Chinese Censors", Slate
  7. ^ a b c Ian Johnson, "Calls for a 'Jasmine Revolution' in China Persist", The New York Times, 23 February 2011
  8. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8195-6662-1
    . Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  9. ^
    ISBN 978-0-521-18691-9
    . Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  10. ^
    ISBN 978-1-58684-122-5
    . Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  11. ISBN 978-90-04-16500-7
    . Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  12. ^
    ISBN 978-0-691-02712-8
    . Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  13. ISBN 978-1-930841-62-8
    . Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  14. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8108-5296-9
    . Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  15. ISBN 978-0-470-82445-0
    . Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  16. ISBN 978-0-472-05032-1
    . Retrieved 17 March 2011.
  17. ^ Vitas' official site. Archived 22 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ "YouTube – Muo Li Hua – The Jasmine Flower". YouTube. 6 March 2011. Archived from the original on 6 March 2011.
  19. ^ "Celine Dion's Chinese New Year song". BBC News.
  20. ^ "Dimash – Jasmine (茉莉花) the Sing New Era CCTV3". YouTube.
  21. ^ "Dimash and Luo Tianyi (洛天依) – Jasmine". YouTube.
  22. ^ "歌曲英译- 好一朵美丽的茉莉花_新浪博客". Sina Corp.
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