Most common words in Spanish
Below are two estimates of the most common words in
The first table lists the 100 most common
The second table is a list of 100 most common
Real Academia Española
The list below comes from "1000 formas más frecuentes" (transl. 1000 most frequent word forms)", a list published by the Real Academia Española (RAE) from analysis of more than 160 million
The list of "2000 most frequent word forms" comes from an analysis of CREA
Rank | Word form | Occurrences | Part of speech | Translation |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | de | 9,999,518 | preposition |
of; from |
2 | la | 6,277,560 | article, pronoun | the; third person feminine singular pronoun |
3 | que | 4,681,839 | conjunction | that, which |
4 | el | 4,569,652 | article | the |
5 | en | 4,234,281 | preposition | in, on |
6 | y | 4,180,279 | conjunction | and |
7 | a | 3,260,939 | preposition | to, at |
8 | los | 2,618,657 | article, pronoun | the; third person masculine direct object |
9 | se | 2,022,514 | pronoun | -self, oneself (reflexive) |
10 | del | 1,857,225 | preposition | from the |
11 | las | 1,686,741 | article, pronoun | the; third person feminine direct object |
12 | un | 1,659,827 | article | a, an |
13 | por | 1,561,904 | preposition | by, for, through |
14 | con | 1,481,607 | preposition | with |
15 | no | 1,465,503 | adverb | no; not |
16 | una | 1,347,603 | article | a, an, one |
17 | su | 1,103,617 | possessive | his/her/its/your |
18 | para | 1,062,152 | preposition | for, to, in order to |
19 | es | 1,019,669 | verb | is |
20 | al | 951,054 | preposition | to the |
21 | lo | 866,955 | article, pronoun | the; third person masculine direct object |
22 | como | 773,465 | conjunction | like, as |
23 | más | 661,696 | adjective | more |
24 | o | 542,284 | conjunction | or |
25 | pero | 450,512 | conjunction | but |
26 | sus | 449,870 | possessive | your |
27 | le | 413,241 | pronoun | third person indirect object |
28 | ha | 380,339 | verb | he/she/it has [done something]; you (formal) have [done something] |
29 | me | 374,368 | pronoun | me |
30 | si | 327,480 | conjunction | if, whether |
31 | sin | 298,383 | preposition | without |
32 | sobre | 289,704 | preposition | on top of, over, about |
33 | este | 285,461 | adjective | this |
34 | ya | 274,177 | adverb | already; still |
35 | entre | 267,493 | preposition | between |
36 | cuando | 257,272 | conjunction | when |
37 | todo | 247,340 | adjective | all, every |
38 | esta | 238,841 | adjective | this |
39 | ser | 232,924 | verb | to be |
40 | son | 232,415 | verb | they are, you (pl.) are |
41 | dos | 228,439 | number | two |
42 | también | 227,411 | adverb | too, also, as well |
43 | fue | 223,791 | verb | was |
44 | había | 223,430 | verb | I/he/she/it/there was (or used to be) |
45 | era | 219,933 | verb | was |
46 | muy | 208,540 | adverb | very |
47 | años | 203,027 | noun (masculine) |
years |
48 | hasta | 202,935 | preposition | until |
49 | desde | 198,647 | preposition | from; since |
50 | está | 194,168 | verb | is |
51 | mi | 186,360 | possessive | my |
52 | porque | 185,700 | conjunction | because |
53 | qué | 184,956 | pronoun | what?; which?; how adjective |
54 | sólo | 170,552 | adverb | only, solely |
55 | han | 169,718 | verb | they/you (pl.) have [done something] |
56 | yo | 167,684 | pronoun | I |
57 | hay | 164,940 | verb | there is/are |
58 | vez | 163,538 | noun (feminine) |
time, instance |
59 | puede | 161,219 | verb | can |
60 | todos | 158,168 | adjective | all; every |
61 | así | 155,645 | adverb | like that |
62 | nos | 154,412 | pronoun | us |
63 | ni | 153,451 | conjunction, adverb | neither; nor; no even |
64 | parte | 148,750 | noun (masculine / feminine) |
part; message |
65 | tiene | 147,274 | verb | has |
66 | él | 139,080 | pronoun (masculine) |
he, it |
67 | uno | 136,020 | number | one |
68 | donde | 132,077 | preposition | where |
69 | bien | 130,957 | adjective | fine, well |
70 | tiempo | 130,896 | noun (masculine) |
time; weather |
71 | mismo | 130,746 | adjective | same |
72 | ese | 127,976 | pronoun | that |
73 | ahora | 125,661 | adverb | now |
74 | cada | 124,558 | determiner | each; every |
75 | e | 123,729 | conjunction | and |
76 | vida | 123,491 | noun (feminine) |
life |
77 | otro | 121,983 | adjective | other, another |
78 | después | 121,746 | preposition | after |
79 | te | 120,052 | pronoun | to you, for you; yourself |
80 | otros | 119,500 | pronoun | others |
81 | aunque | 115,556 | conjunction | though, although, even though |
82 | esa | 115,377 | adjective | that |
83 | eso | 114,523 | pronoun | that |
84 | hace | 114,507 | verb | he/she/it does/makes |
85 | otra | 113,982 | adjective, pronoun | other; another |
86 | gobierno | 113,011 | noun (masculine) |
government |
87 | tan | 112,471 | adverb | so |
88 | durante | 112,020 | preposition | during |
89 | siempre | 111,557 | adverb | always |
90 | día | 110,921 | noun (masculine) |
day |
91 | tanto | 110,679 | adjective, adverb | so much |
92 | ella | 110,620 | pronoun | she, her; it |
93 | tres | 109,542 | number | three |
94 | sí | 108,631 | noun, pronoun | yes, if; reflexive pronoun |
95 | dijo | 108,471 | verb | said; told |
96 | sido | 107,352 | past participle | been |
97 | gran | 106,991 | adjective | large, great, big |
98 | país | 104,568 | noun (masculine) |
country |
99 | según | 104,204 | preposition | as; according to |
100 | menos | 103,498 | adjective | less; fewer |
Mark Davies
In 2006, Mark Davies, an associate professor of linguistics at Brigham Young University, published his estimate of the 5000 most common words in Modern Spanish. To make this list, he compiled samples only from 20th-century sources—especially from the years 1970 to 2000. Most of the sources are from the 1990s. Of the 20 million words in the corpus, about one-third (~6,750,000 words) come from transcripts of spoken Spanish: conversations, interviews, lectures, sermons, press conferences, sports broadcasts, and so on. Among the written sources are novels, plays, short stories, letters, essays, newspapers, and the encyclopedia Encarta. The samples, written and spoken, come from Spain and at least 10 Latin American countries. Most of the samples were previously compiled for the Corpus del Español (2001), a 100 million-word corpus that includes works from the 13th century through the 20th.[3][4]
The 5000 words in Davies' list are
A highlighted row indicates that the word was found to occur especially frequently in samples of spoken Spanish.[9]
Rank | Lemma | Occurrences | Part of speech | Translation |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | el / la | 2,037,803 | article | the |
2 | de | 1,319,834 | preposition |
of, from |
3 | que | 662,653 | conjunction | that, which |
4 | y | 562,162 | conjunction | and |
5 | a | 529,899 | preposition | to, at |
6 | en | 507,233 | preposition | in, on |
7 | un | 434,022 | article | a, an |
8 | ser | 374,194 | verb | to be |
9 | se | 329,012 | pronoun | -self, oneself (reflexive) |
10 | no | 257,365 | adverb | no |
11 | haber | 196,962 | verb | to have |
12 | por | 190,975 | preposition | by, for, through |
13 | con | 184,597 | preposition | with |
14 | su | 187,810 | adjective | his, her, their, your |
15 | para | 126,061 | preposition | for, to, in order to |
16 | como | 106,840 | conjunction | like, as |
17 | estar | 106,429 | verb | to be |
18 | tener | 106,642 | verb | to have |
19 | le | 98,211 | pronoun | third person indirect object |
20 | lo | 91,035 | article | the |
21 | lo | 92,519 | pronoun | third person masculine direct object |
22 | todo | 88,057 | adjective | all, every |
23 | pero | 82,435 | conjunction | but, yet, except |
24 | más | 92,352 | adjective | more |
25 | hacer | 81,619 | verb | to do; to make |
26 | o | 82,444 | conjunction | or |
27 | poder | 76,738 | verb | to be able to, can |
28 | decir | 79,343 | verb | to tell, say |
29 | este / esta | 80,544 | adjective | this |
30 | ir | 70,352 | verb | to go |
31 | otro | 61,726 | adjective | other, another |
32 | ese / esa | 60,989 | adjective | that |
33 | la | 55,523 | pronoun | third person feminine direct object |
34 | si | 53,608 | conjunction | if, whether |
35 | me | 95,577 | pronoun | me |
36 | ya | 46,778 | adverb | already, still |
37 | ver | 45,854 | verb | to see |
38 | porque | 44,500 | conjunction | because |
39 | dar | 40,233 | verb | to give |
40 | cuando | 39,726 | conjunction | when |
41 | él | 38,597 | pronoun | he |
42 | muy | 39,558 | adverb | very, really |
43 | sin | 40,432 | preposition | without |
44 | vez | 35,286 | noun (feminine) |
time, occurrence |
45 | mucho | 36,391 | adjective | much, many, a lot |
46 | saber | 37,092 | verb | to know |
47 | qué | 42,000 | pronoun | what?; which?; how adjective |
48 | sobre | 35,038 | preposition | on top of, over, about |
49 | mi | 45,636 | adjective | my |
50 | alguno | 30,485 | adjective / pronoun | some; someone |
51 | mismo | 29,569 | adjective | same |
52 | yo | 54,635 | pronoun | I |
53 | también | 33,348 | adverb | also |
54 | hasta | 29,506 | preposition / adverb | until, up to; even |
55 | año | 33,053 | noun (masculine) |
year |
56 | dos | 27,733 | number | two |
57 | querer | 28,696 | verb | to want, love |
58 | entre | 30,756 | preposition | between |
59 | así | 24,832 | adverb | like that |
60 | primero | 26,553 | adjective | first |
61 | desde | 25,288 | preposition | from, since |
62 | grande | 25,963 | adjective | large, great, big |
63 | eso | 31,636 | pronoun (neuter gender) |
that |
64 | ni | 24,261 | conjunction | not even, neither, nor |
65 | nos | 26,349 | pronoun | us |
66 | llegar | 22,878 | verb | to arrive |
67 | pasar | 22,466 | verb | to pass; to happen; to spend time |
68 | tiempo | 22,432 | noun (masculine) |
time, weather |
69 | ella(s) | 24,770 | pronoun | she; (plural) them |
70 | sí | 33,828 | adverb | yes |
71 | día | 24,715 | noun (masculine) |
day |
72 | uno | 21,407 | number | one |
73 | bien | 21,589 | adverb | well |
74 | poco | 20,986 | adjective / adverb | little, few; a little bit |
75 | deber | 22,232 | verb | should, ought to; to owe |
76 | entonces | 23,548 | adverb | so, then |
77 | poner | 20,330 | verb | to put (on); to get [adjective] |
78 | cosa | 23,943 | noun (feminine) |
thing |
79 | tanto | 20,531 | adjective | much |
80 | hombre | 20,292 | noun (masculine) |
man, mankind, husband |
81 | parecer | 19,964 | verb | to seem, to look like |
82 | nuestro | 20,666 | adjective | our |
83 | tan | 19,002 | adverb | such, a, too, so |
84 | donde | 18,852 | conjunction | where |
85 | ahora | 21,030 | adverb | now |
86 | parte | 20,319 | noun (feminine) |
part, portion |
87 | después | 20,229 | adverb | after |
88 | vida | 18,045 | noun (feminine) |
life |
89 | quedar | 18,152 | verb | to remain, to stay |
90 | siempre | 17,689 | adverb | always |
91 | creer | 21,257 | verb | to believe |
92 | hablar | 19,006 | verb | to speak, to talk |
93 | llevar | 17,062 | verb | to take, to carry |
94 | dejar | 18,185 | verb | to let, to leave |
95 | nada | 19,365 | pronoun | nothing |
96 | cada | 17,155 | adjective | each, every |
97 | seguir | 16,104 | verb | to follow |
98 | menos | 15,527 | adjective | less, fewer |
99 | nuevo | 17,381 | adjective | new |
100 | encontrar | 15,556 | verb | to find |
See also
Notes
- ^ Real Academia Española. Retrieved 2017-07-13.
- Real Academia Española. Retrieved 2017-07-13.
- ^ Davies (2006), p. 2–3
- ^ "El Corpus del Español". corpusdelespanol.org. Retrieved 2017-07-13.
- ^ Davies (2006), pp. 4–6
- ^ Davies (2006), p. 4
- ^ Davies (2006), pp. 12–14
- ^ "Top Spanish Vocabulary". Vistawide World Languages & Cultures. Retrieved 2017-07-13.
- ^ Davies (2006), p. 9
References
- OCLC 300359892.
External links
- Cardellino, Cristian (March 2016). "Spanish Billion Words Corpus and Embeddings". crscardellino.github.io. Cristian Cardellino.